Isikhumba se-PU
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1.7mm uwugqinsi oluqinile oluhlanganisiwe umbala oqinile we-litchi ukuthungwa kwe-faux lesikhumba
Isikhumba se-Microfiber (Microfiber pu sonnikesitiki lesikhumba) sibonakaliswa amandla aphezulu izinyembezi kanye namandla ashukumisayo, ukumelana okuhle kokugoqwa, ukumelana okubandayo, ukumbumbuluzwa okulungile, ukumbumbuluzwa okuningana kwe-organic, nokuhlanza okulula. Imikhiqizo ye-Microfiber ingahlukaniswa yaba yi-veneer microfiber kanye ne-suede microfiber ngokusho kokuthungwa. IVeneer Microfiber isho isikhumba sokwenziwa ngamaphethini anjenge-litchi okusanhlamvu ebusweni; I-Suede Microfiber izwakala njengesikhumba sangempela, ayinawo amaphethini ebusweni, futhi iyafana ne-suede suede, kepha inezakhiwo eziphakeme zemishini kune-suede ne-suede izindwangu, futhi ine-suede enhle yokumelana nokuvimbela okuhle. Ubunzima bobuchwepheshe bunzima ukwedlula indawo ebushelelezi.
Inqubo yokulungiselela isikhumba ifaka i-polyurethane resin umlobi, ukwelashwa, ukuncishiswa nokuqeda, phakathi kokufakwa kuyo inqubo ebalulekile yokulungiswa kwesikhumba se-microfiber. Ukufakwa kabusha kusabalalisa ngokulinganayo i-polyurethane ngokulinganayo endwangu yesisekelo ngokugoqa isixazululo se-polyurethane ukuze ibhondi, ukuze indwangu eyisisekelo yakha isimo se-organic sonke ngokubuka kwe-macroscopic. Ngokusho kwama-polyurethane solvents ahlukene asetshenziswa kwinqubo yokufakwa emthethweni, kungahlukaniswa ngenqubo esekwe emalini nenqubo esekwe emanzini. I-solvent eyinhloko yenqubo esekwe e-mail i-dimethylformaMide (DMF), okuyingozi emzimbeni nasemzimbeni womuntu; Inqubo esekwe emanzini isebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide noma amanzi njenge-solvent yokukhiqizwa, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuphuma kwezinto eziyingozi. Ngokwesimo sokuqashwa kwemvelo okuvikelekile kwemvelo, inqubo esekwe emanzini kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindlela yobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu. -
Lychee ukuthungwa microfiber leather lictitter glitter indwangu embossed lychee great pu lesikhumba
Izici zesikhumba sokwenziwa se-lychee
1. Ukuthungwa okuhle
I-Microfiber Leather Lychee yokuthungwa kwesikhumba esiyingqayizivele ngokokuvalwa okufana nesikhumba seLychee, okubukeka kahle kakhulu. Lo mbhalo ungangeza ukuthinta okuhle kwefenisha, izihlalo zemoto, izikhwama zesikhumba nezinye izinto, ezibenza zikhange ngokwengeziwe ngomphumela obonakalayo.
2. Ukuqina okuphezulu kwekhwalithi ephezulu
I-Microfiber Leather Lychee ayiyona enhle kuphela, kodwa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ingamelana nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside, ukugqoka kanye nomthelela ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukufezeka. Ngakho-ke, i-microfiber lesikhumba lychee ilungele ukwenza ifenisha esezingeni eliphakeme, izihlalo zemoto nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
3. Ukulungiswa okulula nokunakekelwa
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba sangempela, i-microfiber lesikhumba lychee kulula ukuyigcina nokunakekela. Akudingi ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamafutha okunakekelwa kwesikhumba noma eminye imikhiqizo ekhethekile yokunakekelwa. Kudinga ukuhlanzwa kuphela ngamanzi afudumele nensipho, elula kakhulu futhi esheshayo.
4. Izimo eziningi ezisebenzayo
Ngoba i-lychee yesikhumba ye-microfiber inezinzuzo eziningi kangaka, ilungele ifenisha, ama-car acateors, amasudi, izicathulo kanye nezinye izinkambu. Akukwazi ukwengeza kuphela i-luster to the umkhiqizo, kepha futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nokulungiswa okulula.
Ekuphetheni, ama-microfiber avebble avelele ukwehla kwesikhumba okuthandwa kakhulu ngezinzuzo eziningi. Uma ufuna ukuthungwa kwesikhumba okuhle, okulula, okulula ukuze uthathe izinto ezinjengefenisha noma izihlalo zemoto, khona-ke ama-microfifiber avebbled akungabazeki ukukhetha okuhle. -
Isikhumba Sonke sokwenziwa kwesikhumba embossed wrinkled wrinkle vintage faux lesikhumba for upholstery izicathulo izikhwama sofa Ukwenza
Isikhwama sesikhumba se-embossed se-retro faux silusizo kakhulu. Lesi sikhwama sesikhumba sihlanganisa ukugoba nokuhlekisa ukwakheka, okungafani nokubukeka nje, kepha futhi kuyasebenza futhi kuhlala isikhathi eside. Idizayini ethosiwe ingakhulisa ukuthungwa kanye nomphumela obonakalayo wesikhumba, okwenza isikhwama sesikhumba sibukeke sakhiwe futhi sabuyiselwa. Idizayini eyenziwe ngomhlane ingakhuphula umqondo onezici ezintathu nokuthamba kwesikhwama sesikhumba, okwenza kube ntofontofo ukuthwala. Lo mklamo awusihle nje, kepha futhi ungakhombisa isitayela se-retro nemfashini, ofanele abantu abathanda isitayela esiyingqayizivele futhi balandele ubuntu obuhlukile futhi balandele ubuntu obuhlukile futhi balandele ubuntu.
Lapho ukhetha i-restossed retro faux lesikhumba lesikhumba, ungabheka amaphuzu alandelayo ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo:
Ukukhetha okubonakalayo: Khetha isikhumba sekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Faux ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo nokuthamba ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yayo yenkonzo.
Imininingwane ye-Design: Naka ukuthi ukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe futhi okunempilo kumnandi kuyinto enhle, nokuthi ngabe ihambisana nesitayela nezidingo zakho.
Ukusebenziseka: Cabanga ngesakhiwo sangaphakathi nomthamo wesikhwama ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuthwala nsuku zonke.
Ngamafuphi, isikhwama sesikhumba se-retro faux esinqunyelwe asisihle futhi sihlukile, kodwa futhi sinokusebenziseka okuhle nokuqina, futhi ukukhetha okufanelekile -
I-Pearl efakwe indwangu ye-Foam ye-Foam ye-Quilded I-Plad Annerthecy Pu Leather yezicathulo zezingubo zokuthunga
Izikhwama zesikhumba zokwenziwa zihlala isikhathi eside.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa, njengento eyenziwe ngabantu, sinezinzuzo eziningi ezenza kube yisinqumo esihle sokwenza izikhwama. Okokuqala, intengo yesikhumba sokwenziwa iphansi, okwenza kube kubizeke. Okwesibili, isikhumba sokwenziwa asidingi ukunakekelwa njalo kanye nokulungiswa njengesikhumba sangempela, njengokuhlanza nokulindisa, okusindisa izindleko zokusebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba sokwenziwa sinokuvimbela okuhle nokuphikiswa kokugqwala, impilo yenkonzo ende, futhi akulula ukuhlukana, okuvumela izikhwama zesikhumba zokwenziwa ukuze zikwazi ukubukeka okuhle nokusebenza nsuku zonke. Yize isikhumba sokwenziwa asikuphefumuli futhi sihlotshiswe nge-hygroscopic njengesikhumba sangempela, ukuthungwa kwaso kanye nombala ongaguquguquki kunikeza izikhwama zesikhumba zokwenziwa kalula ngesitayela kanye nokwenza ngezifiso izitayela zesimanjemanje nezilula.
Ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa, ukuqina kwezikhwama zokwenziwa zesikhumba kuye kwaqinisekiswa okwenziwe ngcono. Isibonelo, emisebenzini yangaphandle noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ukusebenza kwamanzi kanye nezimpawu zokuhlanza ezilula zezikhwama zokwenziwa zesikhumba zenza kube yikhethelo elihle. Ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa komhlaba walezi zikhwama bubavumela ukuba babe nombala ongeziwe noshintsho lwezinkomo, ukubhekana nokuphishekela ama-aesthetics. Yize imibimbi nokugqoka kungenzeka ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside, ukuqina kwezikhwama zesikhumba zokwenziwa kusephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba sangempela.
Ngamafuphi, yize isikhumba sokwenziwa kungenzeka singaphefumuli futhi ngesikhumba sangempela, inani langempela, ukumelana okulula, ukumelana nokungashayeki kwenza kube yinto esebenzayo, ikakhulukazi labo abathengi abafuna isikhwama esingabizi futhi esiqinile. Izikhwama zokwenziwa zesikhumba ziwukukhetha okuhle. -
Indwangu ye-alligator ye-ablossed ye-alligator ye-abox ye-taux PU
I-Crocodile Leatherette ngumkhiqizo wesikhumba olingisa ukuthungwa nokubukeka kwesikhumba sengwenya kusetshenziswa izinto zepulasitiki. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ikakhulukazi ifaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
I-Base Fabric Production: Okokuqala, kusetshenziswa indwangu njengendwangu eyisisekelo, engaba yikotoni, i-polyester noma eminye imicu yokwenziwa. Lezi zindwangu zitshelwe noma zilukiwe ukwakha indwangu eyisisekelo.
I-Surface Coating: I-Synthetic Resin nezinye izithasiselo zepulasitiki zisetshenziswa ebusweni bendwangu yesisekelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kungalingisa ukuthungwa nokubukeka kwesikhumba sengwenya. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa kubalulekile ekubukekeni nasezingeni lomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukucutshungulwa kokuthungwa: ukuthungwa okufana nesikhumba se-crocodile kudaliwe ekuhlanganisweni ngezinqubo ezithile ezifana nokufaka noma ukuphrinta. Lokhu kungatholakala ngesitembu sokubumba, ukucindezela ukushisa noma amanye amasu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthungwa kungokoqobo futhi kuyavumelana.
Umbala kanye nokwelashwa okuligqolozekayo
Ukucutshungulwa komkhiqizo okuqediwe: Ekugcineni, umkhiqizo oqediwe uyancishiswa futhi uqedwe njengoba kunesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngezinyathelo ezingenhla, isikhumba sokufakelwa ngokubukeka futhi uzizwa eduze kakhulu nesikhumba se-crocodile yangempela singakhiqizwa, okusetshenziswa kabanzi ngezingubo, imithwalo, imikhiqizo yebhola kanye nezinye izimboni. Lolu hlobo lwesikhumba sokufakelwa lunezici zamaphethini nemibala ehlukahlukene, ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi, kanye nentengo ephansi, ehlangabezana nesidingo somphakathi semikhiqizo yesikhumba. -
Ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-ambossed alligator ukuthungwa kwe-anpenthetic pu lesikhumba yengwenya isikhumba sezimpahla zokuhamba zesikhwama sofa upolstery
I-Embossed Crocodile yokuthungwa ye-synthetic pu lesikhumba inezicelo ezicathulweni, izikhwama, okokugqoka, amabhande, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha, ifenisha. Lokhu kudalulwa kabanzi ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Ngokukhethekile, okuhlanganisiwe kwe-crocodile testrunce yokwenziwa kwe-pu lesikhumba kungafakwa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo: Izicathulo: ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izicathulo zezitayela ezahlukahlukene, njengezicathulo ezijwayelekile, izicathulo zezemidlalo, njll., Ukukhuphula ubuhle kanye nenduduzo yezicathulo. Izikhwama: Kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama zezitayela ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengezikhwama zezikhwama, izikhwama zangemuva, njll., Ukuthuthukisa umqondo wemfashini kanye nokusebenziseka kwezikhwama. Izingubo: Kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izesekeli zezingubo, ezinjengezigqoko, amakhaza, njll., Ukukhuphula umphumela obonakalayo kanye nebanga lokugqoka. Ikhaya nefenisha: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza imihlobiso yasekhaya nefenisha, njengezembozo zesofa, amakhethini, njll., Ukukhuphula ubuhle kanye nenduduzo yempahla yasekhaya. Impahla Yezemidlalo: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izesekeli zempahla yezemidlalo, njengamabhola, imishini yezemidlalo, njll., Ukuze wandise ubuhle nokusebenza kwezimpahla zemidlalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ebossed pu lesikhumba isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izesekeli ezinjengamabhande namagilavu, kanye nomhlobiso wemishini ehlukahlukene, ekhombisa izinkambu zayo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokufunwa kwemakethe. Ngenxa yekhwalithi yayo enhle, isikhumba esihle se-pu singabiza kakhulu kunesikhumba sangempela, ngomphumela omuhle wokubumba kanye nokubumbana komhlaba -
Indwangu yemvula yemvula ye-pu embossed iphethini yokwenziwa kwesikhumba upolsty fancry izilwane
Ukusetshenziswa kwendwangu yemvula yemvula kufaka kepha akugcini ezikhwameni, okokugqoka, izicathulo zezinyawo, umhlobiso wemoto kanye nomhlobiso wefenisha.
Indwangu yemvula yemvula, njengendwangu enombala ohlukile nombala, isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhlukile nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthungwa kwayo okuhlukile nombala, indwangu ye-rainbow ye-crocodile ilungele kakhulu ukwenza izikhwama, ezingangeza izakhi zemfashini nezenziwe ngezifiso ezikhwameni. Okwesibili, ngenxa yenduduzo nokuqina kwayo, kulungele ukwenza izingubo, ezinganikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okugqoke kahle ngenkathi kukhombisa isitayela esiyingqayizivele semfashini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indwangu yemvula yemvula nayo ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezinyawo, okungangeza ubuhle nenduduzo ezicathulweni. Ngokuya komhlobiso wemoto, le ndwangu inganikeza ngezinto ezihlukile zokuklama umhlobiso wangaphakathi wemoto, wandise ubuntu nobuhle bemoto. Ekugcineni, emkhakheni womhlobiso wefenisha, indwangu yemvula yemvula ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza ukumbozwa kwefenisha efana nama-sofa nezihlalo, engeza umbala kanye nobungqabavu kanye nobungqabavu bendawo yasekhaya.
Ngokuvamile, indwangu yemvula yemvula inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo emikhakheni eminingi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhlukile nokusebenza okuhle, ukwengeza imfashini, ubuntu kanye nobuhle emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene, ngenkathi kunikeza ukuqina.
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I-Vintage Flower Ethunyelwe Indwangu Yesikhumba Ehlanganisiwe ye-Retro Faux Yezicathulo Zezingubo Zokugqoka, Izihlalo, Izikhwama Zezandla, Umhlobiso we-UPholstery
Izimo zesicelo sezikhumba zokufakelwa ngezimbali zezimbali zibandakanya izimpahla ezihlukene zesikhumba ezifana nezikhumba zezikhumba, njll. Izikhumba, imithwalo ye-leather, izinga elishibhile, izinga elishibhile, izinga elishibhile, isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nentengo eshibhile uma kuqhathaniswa neqiniso Isikhumba. Yize izizwa futhi ukuqina kwesikhumba sokufakelwa kungenzeka kungabi kuhle njengesikhumba sangempela, ukwakheka kwalo okuhlukahlukene kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kwenza ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi ezifulekeni eziningi zansuku zonke. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezifo zesikhumba kanye nezihlalo zesikhumba kungenza imvelo yasekhaya nehhovisi libe nemfashini kakhudlwana futhi libe nemfashini; Izikhumba zesikhumba kanye nezicathulo zesikhumba zinikeza ukuvikelwa nokwandisa umqondo wemfashini; Imibhalo emifushane kanye nemithwalo ingahlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi abahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuqina kwabo kanye nokuhlukahluka kokuklama kokukhubazeka.
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Denim Texture Faux lesikhumba lesikhumba sokwenziwa zokwenziwa kokwelashwa kwezandla UPHOLSTRY FABLETS BAGS Ukwenza
Isikhumba sokufakelwa se-Denim Pattern sisetshenziselwa izesekeli zemfashini, umhlobiso wasekhaya nezicathulo zemfashini. Isikhumba se-Denim Pattern Lesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-PURE SENER Denim Denim, sihlanganisa ukuthungwa kwakudala kwe-denim kanye nezimpawu eziqinile zesikhumba sokufakelwa, ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngesitayela esiyingqayizivele semfashini. Lokhu akunakuqinisekisa kuphela ukuqina, kepha futhi kuhlinzeka ngokuthungwa okuhle kakhulu, okufana nesikhumba sangempela nokuthinta okuhle. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezinobungane bemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba sezilwane kuyagwenywa, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphethini ye-denim iphethini yokufakelwa kulula ukuyihlanza nokugcina, futhi ubuchwepheshe be-coating bukwenza kungavinjezelwa amandla futhi bugqoke, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa njengento yokufaka imfashini, umhlobiso wezemfashini noma izicathulo zemfashini, ezingakhombisa ukukhathazeka komsebenzisi ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo nemfashini. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwesikhumba sokufakelwa ngenxa yezinhlobo zalo ezahlukahlukene zemibala, ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi, kanye nentengo ephansi. Lokhu kulingisa lesikhumba sezilwane futhi kusebenzisa izinto zepulasitiki ukulingisa imikhiqizo efana nesikhumba sezilwane ezizwayo nokubukeka. Isikhumba sokufakelwa ikakhulukazi sisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinjengezingubo, imithwalo kanye nemikhiqizo yebhola ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zezinhlobonhlobo zemibala, ukusebenza okuhle kwamanzi, kanye nentengo ephansi. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe besikhumba bokufakelwa senze inqubekela phambili yenguquko. Ukufana kwayo nesikhumba sangempela kuya ngokuya kuphakeme. Kwezinye izici, iye yadlula isikhumba sangempela futhi isiphenduke intandokazi entsha embonini yezemfashini.
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I-Pu Faux Leather roll embossed polyurethane Synchetic Isikhumba Indwangu Yesikhumba SaseSofa
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kwe-polyurethane ngohlobo lwe-polyurethane elastomer. Ine-luster ethambile, yemvelo, ukuthinta okuthambile, kanye nesikhumba esinamandla sesikhumba. Inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ezifana nokunamathela okuhle kakhulu ku-substrate, ukugqokwa kokugqoka, ukumelana nezimo kanye nokumelana nokuguga. Iphinde ibe nezinzuzo zokuphikiswa okuhle okubandayo, ukuphefumula, ukuwashwa, ukucubungula okulula, nentengo ephansi. Kuyisisekelo esihle kakhulu sesikhumba semvelo.
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I-Premium Polyurethane Leather PU Leather PU Leather Film Adhesive Surface Oxford Fablic
Isikhumba se-Silicone uhlobo olusha lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezinobungani ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini nasezinkameni eziningi. Izici zalo eziphambili nezinzuzo zifaka i-flame retardancy, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nokulwa nokunakekelwa okulula, okungekho emthethweni, okungavikelekile futhi okunobuthi, njll. Lezi zici, njll. Lezi zici zenza isikhumba se-silicone senze kahle ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuqondile, iqhaza nokusetshenziswa kwesikhumba se-silicone kufaka phakathi:
Umhlobiso wefenisha: Isikhumba se-Silicone sisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-sofas aphezulu, izihlalo zemoto, omatilasi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yefenisha ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, induduzo, ukuqina nobuhle, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nenduduzo yemikhiqizo.
Imboni yezimpahla kanye nemithwalo yempahla: Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezivinjelwe futhi ezivimbela ukugqokwa, isikhumba se-silicone sisetshenziswa kabanzi esicathulweni nasembonini yezimpahla ukuze sihlangane nokuphishekela abathengi ngempilo ephezulu.
Imboni Yezokuhamba: Isikhumba se-silicone singasetshenziswa njengento engaphezulu yezihlalo zemoto, izihlalo zezindiza, izihlalo zesitimela eziphakeme neminye imikhiqizo. Ilangabi layo lelangabi kanye nezimpawu ezinobungane bemvelo zihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokuphepha kwabagibeli izimpilo zabagibeli.
Imboni yemikhiqizo yangaphandle: Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kwe-UV kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu, isikhumba se-silicone siyathandwa futhi embonini yemikhiqizo yangaphandle, efana namapharaphu, ifenisha yangaphandle, amatende neminye imikhiqizo.
Izinkambu zezokwelapha nezempilo: uchungechunge lwe-antibacteruc kanye nobumbano lwe-silicone lesikhumba lulungele ukulungiswa kwezokwelapha, ezempilo nokudla kanye nezinye izinkambu, ukuhlinzeka ngokuqinile impilo yabantu.
Eminye imikhakha: Kubandakanya nezinsimbi zangaphakathi, izihlalo zokuphepha kwezingane, imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi nezinye izindawo zokuhamba zomphakathi nemishini yangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba se-silicone sinazo nezimpawu zokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana kwe-UV nokuphefumula okuhle, okwenza kuthathwe kabanzi futhi kusetshenziswe esikhathini esifushane. -
I-UPHOLSTERY LEETERTETE pu Patent Leather
Izinto zokuhlola izihlalo zemoto:
Ukusebenza kukagesi, ukusebenza kwemishini, ukusebenza okushisayo, ukusebenza ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwe-compaltion, ukuhlolwa kokuvikelwa kwezinga, ukuhlolwa kokuvikelwa kwezinga, ukuhlolwa komoya, ukuhlolwa kwe-rohs, njll.