Isikhumba sokwenziwa siyinto elingisa ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zesikhumba semvelo ngokwenziwa kokwenziwa. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukumiselela isikhumba sangempela futhi inezinzuzo zezindleko ezilawulekayo, ukusebenza okulungisekayo, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Inqubo yayo eyinhloko ihilela izinyathelo ezintathu: ukulungiswa kwe-substrate, i-coating lamination, nokuqedwa kwendawo. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuhlelekile kusuka ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa kuya emininingwaneni yenqubo:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa Okubalulekile Kwesikhumba Sokwenziwa
Izinhlobo: Isikhumba se-Nubuck
Isikhumba se-Nubcuk/Yangba isikhumba
Isikhumba se-Suede
Isikhumba esisantiwe/Isithwathwa
Isikhumba sesikhala
Isikhumba se-PU esixutshwe
Isikhumba se-varnish
Isikhumba se-patent
Isikhumba se-PU esiwashiwe
Isikhumba sehhashi elihlanyayo
Isikhumba esinamahloni
Isikhumba samafutha
Isikhumba somphumela wokudonsa
Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC: Indwangu elukiwe/engalukiwe + I-PVC yokunamathisela, engangeni manzi futhi ayigugi, izindleko eziphansi, kodwa ukuphefumula okubi. Ifanele ukumbozwa kwefenisha kanye nemithwalo ephansi.
Isikhumba se-PU esijwayelekile: indwangu engalukiwe + i-polyurethane (PU) inamathela, ithambile futhi iyaphefumula, kodwa ijwayele ukuguga nokuqhekeka. Izicathulo eziphezulu, izindwangu zokugqoka
Isikhumba se-Fiber: I-Island-in-the-sea microfiber + i-PU efakwe ngaphakathi, ilingisa ukwakheka kwembotshana yesikhumba, ukuhuzuka nokumelana nezinyembezi, ifanele izicathulo zemidlalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezihlalo zemoto.
Isikhumba se-Eco-synthetic: Indwangu eyisisekelo ye-PET egaywe kabusha + i-PU esekwe emanzini, i-biodegradable, i-low-VOC ekhishwayo, ifanele izikhwama ezivumelana nemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yabakhulelwe
II. Incazelo Eningiliziwe Yenqubo Yokukhiqiza
1. Inqubo Yokulungiselela I-substrate
Ikhadi elingalukiwe:
Imicu ye-polyester/inayiloni eyisisekelo ifakwa kuwebhu futhi igxotshwe inaliti ukuze iqiniswe (isisindo esingu-80-200g/m²).
Isicelo: I-substrate yesikhumba evamile ye-PU
-I-Island-in-the-sea fiber spinning:
I-PET (isiqhingi)/PA (ulwandle) ukuphotha okuyinhlanganisela iyenziwa, futhi ingxenye "yolwandle" ichithwa yi-solvent ukuze yakhe ama-microfiber angu-0.01-0.001 dtex. Isicelo: I-Core substrate yesikhumba se-microfiber (imicu yesikhumba eyenziwe nge-collagen)
2. Inqubo Yokumanzi (Key Breathable Technology):
Indwangu eyisisekelo ifakwe i-PU slurry → icwiliswa kubhavu ohlanganisayo we-DMF/H₂O → I-DMF imanzisa ukuze yakhe ukwakheka kwe-microporous (usayizi wembotshana 5-50μm).
Izici: Kuyaphefumula futhi kungene umswakama (>5000g/m²/24h), ifanele isikhumba sezicathulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nengaphakathi lezimoto.
- Inqubo Eyomile:
-Ngemva kokumbozwa, i-PU slurry iyomiswa emoyeni oshisayo (120-180 ° C) ukuze ihwamuke i-solvent bese yenza ifilimu.
-Izici: Indawo ebushelelezi kakhulu, ilungele imithwalo kanye namabhokisi omkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi. 3. Surface Finishing
Ukugqamisa: Ukucindezela okunokushisa okuphezulu (150°C) ngesikhunta sensimbi kudala ukuthungwa kwesikhumba senkomo/ngwenya esilingiswayo, esifanele izindwangu zosofa nezingaphezulu zezicathulo.
Ukuphrinta: Ukuphrinta kwe-inkjet ye-Gravure/digital kudala imibala ye-gradient namaphethini angokwezifiso, afanele izikhwama zemfashini nezingubo.
Ukupholisha: Ukusandeni nge-emery roller (800-3000 grit) kudala umphumela we-waxy, ocindezelekile, ofanele isikhumba sefenisha yakudala.
I-Functional Coating: Ukwengeza i-nano-SiO₂/fluorocarbon resin kudala i-hydrophobic (i-engeli yokuxhumana > 110°) kanye nomthelela wokulwa nokungcolisa, ofanele okokusebenza kwangaphandle kanye nempahla yezokwelapha.
III. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Entsha
1. I-3D Printing Additive Manufacturing
- Ukusebenzisa umcu oyinhlanganisela ye-TPU/PU, ukuphrinta okuqondile "kwesikhumba se-bionic" kunciphisa isisindo ngo-30% futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina (isb, isicathulo se-Adidas Futurecraft 4D esiphezulu). 2. Inqubo Yesikhumba Esekwe ku-Bio-based Synthetic
- Indwangu Eyisisekelo: Indwangu Yommbila Engalukiwe (PLA)
- Ukugqoka: I-Polyurethane (PU) Esekelwe Ngamanzi Ephuma ku-Castor Oil
Izici: Okuqukethwe kwe-Biochar >30%, I-Compostable (isb, i-Bolt Threads Mylo™)
3. I-Smart Responsive Coating
- I-Thermodynamic Material: Ama-Microcapsules Encapsulating Thermosensitive Pigments (I-Threshold yokushintsha Umbala ±5°C)
- I-Photoelectric Coating: Ama-Fibers Ashumekiwe, Ukukhanyisa Okulawulwa Ngokuthinta (Amaphaneli Asebenzisanayo Kwangaphakathi Kwezimoto)
IV. Umthelela Wenqubo Ekusebenzeni
1. I-Wet Coagulation Enganele: Ukuxhumana Okubi Kwe-Micropore → Ukuncishiswa Kokuphefumula Komoya. Isixazululo: I-DMF Concentration Gradient Control (5% -30%).
2. Ukusetshenziswa Kabusha Kwephepha Lokukhipha: Ukucaca Kwesimo Esincishisiwe. Isixazululo: Sebenzisa Umqulu Ngamunye ≤3 Izikhathi (2μm Ukunemba).
3. Izinsalela zokuncibilika: Ama-VOC Adlulele (>50ppm). Isixazululo: Ukugeza amanzi + i-vacuum devolatilization (-0.08 MPa)
V. Izikhombisi-ndlela Zokuthuthukisa Imvelo
1. Ukushintsha kwe-Raw Material:
- I-DMF esekelwe ekuncibilikeni → I-Polyurethane esemanzini (ukunciphisa i-VOC ngo-90%)
-PVC Plasticizer DOP → Citrate Esters (Non-toxic and Biodegradable)
2. Ukugaywa kabusha kukadoti wesikhumba:
- Ukuchoboza izinsalela → Ukucindezela okushisayo kuma-substrates agaywe kabusha (isb, ubuchwepheshe be-EcoCircle™, izinga lokutakula elingu-85%)
VI. Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezincomo zokukhetha
Izihlalo Zemoto Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu: Isikhumba Se-Microfiber + Inqubo Emanzi Ye-PU, Ukumelana Nokuqhunyiswa > Izikhathi Eziyizigidi ezingu-1 (Martindale)
Izicathulo Zangaphandle Ezingangeni Manzi: I-Dlulisa I-Coating + Fluorocarbon Surface Treatment, Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance > 5000 Pa
Igiya Lezokwelapha Lokuvikela I-Antimicrobial: Isikhumba se-Nanosilver Ion-Impregnated Microfiber, Isilinganiso Sokulwa Namagciwane > 99.9% (ISO 20743)
Izikhwama Ezisheshayo Zemfashini Eco-friendly | Indwangu Eyisisekelo Esenziwe Kabusha Ye-PET + Indwangu Eyomile Esekelwe Ngamanzi | I-Carbon Footprint < 3 kg CO₂e/㎡ Isifingqo: Ingqikithi yokwenziwa kwesikhumba yokwenziwa ilele ekuhlanganisweni "kwe-structural biomimetic" kanye "nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle."
- Inqubo eyisisekelo: Ukudalwa kwezimbotshana zenqubo emanzi kulingisa isakhiwo sesikhumba esiphefumulayo, kuyilapho ukumbozwa kwenqubo eyomile kulawula ukunemba kwendawo.
- Indlela yokuthuthukisa: Ama-Microfiber substrates asondela ekuzizweleni kwesikhumba sangempela, kuyilapho izimbotshana ezisekelwe ku-bio/ezihlakaniphile zandisa imingcele yokusebenza.
- Okhiye bokukhetha:
- Izidingo zokumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu → Isikhumba seMicrofiber (amandla okudabula > 80N/mm);
- Okubalulekile kwezemvelo → I-PU esekwe emanzini + indwangu eyisisekelo egaywe kabusha (i-Blue Label iqinisekisiwe);
- Izici ezikhethekile → Engeza i-nano-coatings (i-hydrophobic/antibacterial/thermosensitive).
Izinqubo zesikhathi esizayo zizosheshisela ekwenziweni ngokwezifiso kwedijithali (njengokukhiqiza ukuthungwa okunamandla e-AI) kanye nokukhiqizwa okungangcolisi lutho (ukuthola kabusha kwe-solvent evaliwe).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-30-2025
