I-PU isifinyezo se-English poly urethane, igama lamakhemikhali lesiShayina elithi "polyurethane". Isikhumba se-PU siyisikhumba sezingxenye ze-polyurethane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emithwalweni, ezingutsheni, ezicathulweni, ezimotweni nasekuhlobiseni ifenisha.
Isikhumba se-Pu siwuhlobo lwesikhumba sokwenziwa, ukwakheka kwaso kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:
1. I-Substrate: Ngokuvamile sebenzisa indwangu ye-fiber, ifilimu ye-fiber nezinye izinto njengezinto eziyisisekelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla nokuqina kwesikhumba se-Pu.
2. I-Emulsion: Ukukhethwa kwe-emulsion ye-synthetic resin noma i-emulsion yemvelo njengento yokugqoka kungathuthukisa ukuthungwa nokuthambile kwesikhumba se-Pu.
3. Izithasiselo: kufaka phakathi ama-plasticizers, izingxube, ama-solvents, i-ultraviolet absorbers, njll., lezi zithako zingathuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana kwamanzi, ukumelana nokungcola kanye nokumelana kwe-UV kwesikhumba se-Pu.
4. Imidiya ye-Astringent: Imidiya ye-Astringent ngokuvamile i-acidifier, esetshenziselwa ukulawula inani le-pH lesikhumba se-Pu, ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-coating ne-substrate, ukuze isikhumba se-Pu sibe nokubukeka okungcono nokuphila.
Okungenhla yizingxenye eziyinhloko zesikhumba se-Pu, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba semvelo, isikhumba se-Pu singaba lula kakhulu, singangeni manzi futhi sishibhile, kodwa ukuthungwa, ukuvuthwa kanye nezinye izici zingaphansi kwesikhumba semvelo.
E-China, abantu bajwayele ukusebenzisa i-PU resin njengempahla yokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza isikhumba sokwenziwa esibizwa nge-PU artificial leather (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-PU leather); Isikhumba sokwenziwa esikhiqizwe nge-PU resin kanye nendwangu engalukiwe njengezinto ezingavuthiwe sibizwa nge-PU synthetic leather (okubizwa nge-synthetic leather). Kuyisiko ukubhekisela kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu zesikhumba ezingenhla njengesikhumba sokwenziwa. Uyiqamba kanjani? Idinga ukuhlanganiswa futhi ifane ukuze inikezwe igama elifaneleka kakhulu.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yepulasitiki futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene zomnotho kazwelonke. Isikhumba sokwenziwa, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa emhlabeni kuneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 yomlando wokuthuthuka, iChina yaqala ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza isikhumba sokwenziwa kusukela ngo-1958, iyintuthuko yokuqala embonini yemboni yepulasitiki yaseChina. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yesikhumba yokwenziwa yaseChina kanye nemboni yesikhumba yokwenziwa akukhona nje ukukhula kwemigqa yokukhiqiza imishini yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza, ukukhula komkhiqizo womkhiqizo unyaka nonyaka, izinhlobo nemibala yanda unyaka nonyaka, kodwa futhi nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni inhlangano yayo yezimboni, kukhona ukubumbana okukhulu, okungase kubeke amabhizinisi esikhumba sokwenziwa aseShayina kanye nezikhumba zokwenziwa, okuhlanganisa nezimboni ezihlobene ezihlelwe ndawonye. Ithuthukiswe yaba imboni enamandla amakhulu.
Kulandela isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yocwaningo oluzinikele nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe besayensi nezobuchwepheshe, njengendawo efanelekile yesikhumba semvelo, isifinyelele inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe.
I-PU ehlanganiswe ebusweni bendwangu yaqala ukuvela emakethe ngawo-1950, kwathi ngo-1964, inkampani yase-United States yaseDuPont yakha isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sangaphezulu. Ngemva kokuba inkampani yaseJapane isungule iqoqo lemigqa yokukhiqiza enomphumela wonyaka wamamitha-skwele angu-600,000, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU besilokhu sikhula ngokushesha ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuhlukahluka, noma ukuphuma. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya ngokusondelana nesikhumba semvelo, futhi ezinye izakhiwo zedlula ngisho nesikhumba semvelo, zifinyelela izinga leqiniso nelamanga ngesikhumba semvelo, ezithatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke komuntu.
Namuhla, iJapan ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa, futhi imikhiqizo yezinkampani ezimbalwa njengeCoroli, Teijin, Toray, kanye neBell Textile ngokuyisisekelo imele izinga lentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe ngeminyaka yawo-1990s. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwendwangu ye-fiber kanye ne-non-elukiweyo ithuthukela ekufinyeleleni okuphezulu, okuminyana okuphezulu kanye nomphumela ophezulu ongalukiwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-PU kubheke ngasekuhlakazweni kwe-PU, i-emulsion yamanzi ye-PU, inkambu yokufakwa kwemikhiqizo yomkhiqizo iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kusukela ekuqaleni kwezicathulo, izikhwama kuya kwezimpahla zokugqoka, ibhola, umhlobiso kanye nezinye izinkambu zesicelo ezikhethekile, kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa
Isikhumba sokwenziwa siyinto yokuqala eyasungulwa esikhundleni sendwangu yesikhumba, senziwe nge-PVC kanye ne-plasticizer nezinye izithasiselo ezigoqelwe eziyinhlanganisela phezu kwendwangu, inzuzo ishibhile, umbala ocebile, amaphethini ahlukahlukene, ukonakala kulula ukuqiniswa, ukubola. Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sisetshenziswa esikhundleni sesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, intengo yaso iphakeme kunesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC. Kusukela esakhiweni samakhemikhali, iseduze nendwangu yesikhumba, ayisebenzisi ama-plasticizers ukufeza izakhiwo ezithambile, ngakho-ke ngeke ibe nzima, i-brittle, futhi inezinzuzo zombala ocebile, amaphethini anhlobonhlobo, futhi intengo ishibhile kunendwangu yesikhumba, ngakho-ke iyamukelwa ngabathengi.
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwesikhumba se-PU, ngokuvamile uhlangothi oluphambene ungqimba lwesibili lwesikhumba, olumbozwe ngongqimba lwe-PU resin ngaphezulu, ngakho lubizwa nangokuthi isikhumba sefilimu. Intengo yayo ishibhile futhi izinga lokusebenzisa liphezulu. Ngokushintshwa kwenqubo kwenziwa futhi kumamaki ahlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo, njengokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe izingqimba ezimbili zesikhumba, ngenxa yenqubo eyingqayizivele, ikhwalithi ezinzile, izinhlobo zamanoveli nezinye izici, zesikhumba sezinga eliphezulu, intengo kanye nebanga azikho. ngaphansi koqweqwe lokuqala lwesikhumba. Isikhumba se-PU nezikhwama zangempela zesikhumba zinezici zazo, izikhwama zesikhumba ze-PU zibukeka zizinhle, kulula ukuzinakekela, intengo ephansi, kodwa azikwazi ukugqoka, kulula ukuphuka; Isikhumba sangempela siyabiza futhi sinzima ukusinakekela, kodwa sihlala isikhathi eside.
Indwangu yesikhumba kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, i-pu synthetic lesikhumba enezindlela ezimbili zokuhlukanisa: okokuqala, izinga lokuthambile kwesikhumba, isikhumba sithambile kakhulu, i-pu inzima, ngakho-ke iningi le-pu lisetshenziselwa izicathulo zesikhumba; Okwesibili ukusebenzisa indlela yokushisa nokuncibilika ukuhlukanisa, indlela ukuthatha indwangu encane emlilweni, indwangu yesikhumba ngeke incibilike, futhi isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sizoncibilika.
Umehluko phakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC ne-PU synthetic leather ungahlukaniswa ngendlela yokucwiliswa kuphethiloli, indlela yokusebenzisa indwangu encane, uyifake kuphethiloli isigamu sehora, bese uyikhipha, uma kunjalo. Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, sizoba lukhuni futhi sibe brittle, uma kuyisikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU, ngeke sibe lukhuni futhi sibe brittle.
Isikhumba semvelo ngenxa yezici zemvelo ezinhle kakhulu sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izidingo zansuku zonke nemikhiqizo yezimboni, kodwa ngokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni, isidingo somuntu sesikhumba siphindwe kabili, inani elilinganiselwe lesikhumba semvelo sekuyisikhathi eside lingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu. . Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu kungqubuzana, ososayensi baqala ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa emashumini eminyaka edlule ukuze bavale ukuntuleka kwesikhumba semvelo. Inqubo yomlando yeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yocwaningo iyinqubo yesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa esibekela inselele isikhumba semvelo.
Ososayensi baqale ngokutadisha nokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo senhlangano yesikhumba semvelo, baqala nge-nitrocellulose linoleum, nokufaka isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, okuyisizukulwane sokuqala sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngalesi sisekelo, ososayensi baye benza intuthuko eminingi kanye nokuhlola, okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-substrate, bese ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-resin yokugqoka. Ngawo-1970, indwangu engalukiwe yefayibha yokwenziwa yabonakala idinga inetha, ihlangana ibe anezikhala nezinye izinqubo, ukuze impahla eyisisekelo ibe nesigaba esifana ne-lotus, i-fiber engenalutho, ukuze kuzuzwe isakhiwo esinezimbobo, futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zesakhiwo senethiwekhi. isikhumba semvelo; Ngaleso sikhathi, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba sokwenziwa luye lwakwazi ukufeza ungqimba oluncane lwe-polyurethane olunezimbobo ezincane, olulingana nokusanhlamvu kwesikhumba semvelo, ukuze ukubukeka nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kwe-PU kusondele kancane kancane kwemvelo. isikhumba, ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ziseduze nenkomba yesikhumba semvelo, futhi umbala ukhanya kakhulu kunesikhumba semvelo; Ukumelana nokugoqa ekamelweni lokushisa kufinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1, futhi ukumelana nokugoqa ekushiseni okuphansi nakho kungafinyelela izinga lesikhumba semvelo.
Ukuvela kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-microfiber PU isizukulwane sesithathu sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Indwangu engalukiwe yenethiwekhi yayo yesakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu idala izimo zesikhumba sokwenziwa ukuze sibambene nesikhumba semvelo ngokwemibandela ye-substrate. Lo mkhiqizo, uhlanganiswe nokufakwa okusha kwe-PU slurry kanye nesakhiwo seseli evulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ungqimba olungaphezulu oluhlanganisiwe, usebenzisa indawo enkulu kanye nokumuncwa okunamandla kwamanzi kwe-microfiber, okwenza isikhumba sokwenziwa se-Ultra-fine PU sibe nokumuncwa komswakama okungokwemvelo. izici zesikhumba semvelo senqwaba ye-ultra-fine collagen fiber, ukuze kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-microstructure yangaphakathi, Noma ukubukeka kokuthungwa nezici zomzimba nokunethezeka kokugqoka kwabantu, kungafaniswa nesikhumba semvelo sezinga eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-microfiber sidlula isikhumba semvelo ekuphikisweni kwamakhemikhali, ukufana kwekhwalithi, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokuvumelana nezimo, ukungangeni kwamanzi, ukulwa nokukhunta nezinye izici.
Ukuzijwayeza kuye kwafakazela ukuthi izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zesikhumba sokwenziwa azikwazi ukushintshwa ngesikhumba semvelo, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwemakethe yasekhaya nezangaphandle, isikhumba sokwenziwa siphinde sashintsha inani elikhulu lesikhumba semvelo ngezinsiza ezinganele. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa ukwenza izikhwama, izingubo zokugqoka, izicathulo, izimoto kanye nomhlobiso wefenisha, kuye kwaqashelwa kakhulu yimakethe, ububanzi bayo bezicelo, inani lezinhlobo ezinkulu, eziningi, yisikhumba semvelo sendabuko esingakwazi. hlangana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2024