I-PU isifinyezo se-English poly urethane, igama lamakhemikhali lesiShayina elithi "polyurethane". Isikhumba se-PU siyisikhumba sezingxenye ze-polyurethane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emithwalweni, ezingutsheni, ezicathulweni, ezimotweni nasekuhlobiseni ifenisha.
Isikhumba se-Pu siwuhlobo lwesikhumba sokwenziwa, ukwakheka kwaso kufaka phakathi izici ezilandelayo:
1. I-Substrate: Ngokuvamile sebenzisa indwangu ye-fiber, ifilimu ye-fiber nezinye izinto njengezinto eziyisisekelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla nokuqina kwesikhumba se-Pu.
2. I-Emulsion: Ukukhethwa kwe-emulsion ye-synthetic resin noma i-emulsion yemvelo njengento yokugqoka kungathuthukisa ukuthungwa nokuthambile kwesikhumba se-Pu.
3. Izithasiselo: kufaka phakathi ama-plasticizers, izingxube, ama-solvents, i-ultraviolet absorbers, njll., lezi zithako zingathuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana kwamanzi, ukumelana nokungcola kanye nokumelana kwe-UV kwesikhumba se-Pu.
4. Imidiya ye-Astringent: Imidiya ye-Astringent ngokuvamile i-acidifier, esetshenziselwa ukulawula inani le-pH lesikhumba se-Pu, ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwe-coating ne-substrate, ukuze isikhumba se-Pu sibe nokubukeka okungcono nokuphila.
Okungenhla yizingxenye eziyinhloko zesikhumba se-Pu, uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba semvelo, isikhumba se-Pu singaba lula kakhulu, singangeni manzi futhi sishibhile, kodwa ukuthungwa, ukuvuthwa kanye nezinye izici zingaphansi kwesikhumba semvelo.
E-China, abantu bajwayele ukusebenzisa i-PU resin njengempahla yokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza isikhumba sokwenziwa esibizwa nge-PU artificial leather (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-PU leather); Isikhumba sokwenziwa esikhiqizwe nge-PU resin kanye nendwangu engalukiwe njengezinto ezingavuthiwe sibizwa nge-PU synthetic leather (okubizwa nge-synthetic leather). Kuyisiko ukubhekisela kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu zesikhumba ezingenhla njengesikhumba sokwenziwa. Uyiqamba kanjani? Idinga ukuhlanganiswa futhi ifane ukuze inikezwe igama elifaneleka kakhulu.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yepulasitiki futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene zomnotho kazwelonke. Isikhumba sokwenziwa, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa emhlabeni kuneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 yomlando wokuthuthuka, iChina yaqala ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza isikhumba sokwenziwa kusukela ngo-1958, iyintuthuko yokuqala embonini yemboni yepulasitiki yaseChina. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yesikhumba yokwenziwa yaseChina akukhona nje ukukhula kwemigqa yokukhiqiza imishini yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza, ukukhula komkhiqizo unyaka nonyaka, izinhlobo nemibala yanda unyaka nonyaka, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kunenhlangano yayo yezimboni, kukhona ukubumbana okukhulu, okungahlanganisa isikhumba sokwenziwa saseShayina kanye nezindawo zokwenziwa ezihlangene, okuhlanganisa nesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ithuthukiswe yaba imboni enamandla amakhulu.
Kulandela isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yocwaningo oluzinikele nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe besayensi nezobuchwepheshe, njengendawo efanelekile yesikhumba semvelo, isifinyelele inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe.
I-PU ehlanganiswe ebusweni bendwangu yaqala ukuvela emakethe ngawo-1950, kwathi ngo-1964, inkampani yase-United States yaseDuPont yakha isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sangaphezulu. Ngemva kokuba inkampani yaseJapane isungule iqoqo lemigqa yokukhiqiza enomphumela wonyaka wamamitha-skwele angu-600,000, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU besilokhu sikhula ngokushesha ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuhlukahluka, noma ukuphuma. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya ngokusondelana nesikhumba semvelo, futhi ezinye izakhiwo zedlula ngisho nesikhumba semvelo, zifinyelela izinga leqiniso nelamanga ngesikhumba semvelo, ezithatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke komuntu.
Namuhla, iJapan ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa, futhi imikhiqizo yezinkampani ezimbalwa njengeCoroli, Teijin, Toray, kanye neBell Textile ngokuyisisekelo imele izinga lentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe ngeminyaka yawo-1990s. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwendwangu ye-fiber kanye ne-non-elukiweyo ithuthukela ekufinyeleleni okuphezulu, okuminyana okuphezulu kanye nomphumela ophezulu ongalukiwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-PU kubheke ngasekuhlakazweni kwe-PU, i-emulsion yamanzi ye-PU, inkambu yokufakwa kwemikhiqizo yomkhiqizo iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kusukela ekuqaleni kwezicathulo, izikhwama kuya kwezimpahla zokugqoka, ibhola, umhlobiso kanye nezinye izinkambu zesicelo ezikhethekile, kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa
Isikhumba sokwenziwa siyinto yokuqala eyasungulwa esikhundleni sendwangu yesikhumba, senziwe nge-PVC kanye ne-plasticizer nezinye izithasiselo ezigoqelwe eziyinhlanganisela phezu kwendwangu, inzuzo ishibhile, umbala ocebile, amaphethini ahlukahlukene, ukonakala kulula ukuqiniswa, ukubola. Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sisetshenziswa esikhundleni sesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, intengo yaso iphakeme kunesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC. Kusukela esakhiweni samakhemikhali, iseduze nendwangu yesikhumba, ayisebenzisi ama-plasticizers ukufeza izakhiwo ezithambile, ngakho-ke ngeke ibe nzima, i-brittle, futhi inezinzuzo zombala ocebile, amaphethini ahlukahlukene, futhi intengo ishibhile kunendwangu yesikhumba, ngakho-ke iyamukelwa ngabathengi.
Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwesikhumba se-PU, ngokuvamile uhlangothi oluphambene ungqimba lwesibili lwesikhumba, olumbozwe ngongqimba lwe-PU resin ngaphezulu, ngakho lubizwa nangokuthi isikhumba sefilimu. Intengo yayo ishibhile futhi izinga lokusebenzisa liphezulu. Ngokushintshwa kwenqubo nakho kwenziwa amamaki ahlukahlukene ezinhlobonhlobo, njengokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe izingqimba ezimbili zesikhumba, ngenxa yenqubo eyingqayizivele, ikhwalithi ezinzile, izinhlobo zamanoveli nezinye izici, zesikhumba sezinga eliphezulu, intengo kanye nebanga akukho ngaphansi kwesendlalelo sokuqala sesikhumba. Isikhumba se-PU nezikhwama zangempela zesikhumba zinezici zazo, izikhwama zesikhumba ze-PU zibukeka zizinhle, kulula ukuzinakekela, intengo ephansi, kodwa azikwazi ukugqoka, kulula ukuphuka; Isikhumba sangempela siyabiza futhi sinzima ukusinakekela, kodwa sihlala isikhathi eside.
Indwangu yesikhumba kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, i-pu synthetic lesikhumba enezindlela ezimbili zokuhlukanisa: okokuqala, izinga lokuthambile kwesikhumba, isikhumba sithambile kakhulu, i-pu inzima, ngakho-ke iningi le-pu lisetshenziselwa izicathulo zesikhumba; Okwesibili ukusebenzisa indlela yokushisa nokuncibilika ukuhlukanisa, indlela ukuthatha indwangu encane emlilweni, indwangu yesikhumba ngeke incibilike, futhi isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sizoncibilika.
Umehluko phakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU singahlukaniswa ngendlela yokucwiliswa kuphethiloli, indlela yokusebenzisa indwangu encane, uyibeke kuphethiloli isigamu sehora, bese uyikhipha, uma kuyisikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, izoba lukhuni futhi ibe brittle, uma i-PU iqinile, i-synthetic ngeke ibe yisikhumba.
Isikhumba semvelo ngenxa yezici zayo ezinhle kakhulu zemvelo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izidingo zansuku zonke nemikhiqizo yezimboni, kodwa ngokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni, isidingo somuntu sesikhumba siphindwe kabili, inani elilinganiselwe lesikhumba semvelo sekuyisikhathi eside lingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu. Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu kungqubuzana, ososayensi baqala ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa emashumini eminyaka edlule ukuze bavale ukuntuleka kwesikhumba semvelo. Inqubo yomlando yeminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 yocwaningo iyinqubo yesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa esibekela inselele isikhumba semvelo.
Ososayensi baqale ngokutadisha nokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo senhlangano yesikhumba semvelo, baqala nge-nitrocellulose linoleum, nokufaka isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, okuyisizukulwane sokuqala sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngalesi sisekelo, ososayensi baye benza intuthuko eminingi kanye nokuhlola, okokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-substrate, bese ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-resin yokugqoka. Ngawo-1970, indwangu engeyona eyelukiwe yefayibha yokwenziwa yabonakala i-needling ibe yinetha, ibopha ibe inezikhala nezinye izinqubo, ukuze impahla eyisisekelo ibe nesigaba esifana ne-lotus, i-fiber engenalutho, ukuze kuzuzwe isakhiwo esinezimbotshana, futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zesakhiwo senethiwekhi yesikhumba semvelo; Ngaleso sikhathi, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba sokwenziwa luye lwakwazi ukufeza ungqimba oluncane lwe-polyurethane olunezimbotshana, olulingana nobuso obusanhlamvu besikhumba semvelo, ukuze ukubukeka nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kwe-PU kusondele kancane kancane kwesikhumba semvelo, ezinye izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zisondele kunkomba yesikhumba semvelo, futhi umbala ugqame kakhulu kunesikhumba semvelo; Ukumelana nokugoqa ekamelweni lokushisa kufinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1, futhi ukumelana nokugoqa ekushiseni okuphansi nakho kungafinyelela izinga lesikhumba semvelo.
Ukuvela kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-microfiber PU isizukulwane sesithathu sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Indwangu engalukiwe yenethiwekhi yayo yesakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu idala izimo zesikhumba sokwenziwa ukuze sibambene nesikhumba semvelo ngokwemibandela ye-substrate. Lo mkhiqizo, uhlanganiswe ne-PU slurry impregnation esanda kuthuthukiswa enesakhiwo seseli evulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ungqimba olungaphezulu oluhlanganisiwe, usebenzisa indawo enkulu kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi okunamandla kwe-microfiber, okwenza isikhumba se-Ultra-fine PU sibe nezici zokumunca umswakama zemvelo zesikhumba semvelo se-collagen-fine evela ku-ultra-fine matter, Noma ukubukeka kokuthungwa nezici zomzimba kanye nokunethezeka kokugqoka kwabantu, kungafaniswa nesikhumba semvelo sezinga eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-microfiber sidlula isikhumba semvelo ekuphikisweni kwamakhemikhali, ukufana kwekhwalithi, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokuvumelana nezimo, ukungangeni kwamanzi, ukulwa nokukhunta nezinye izici.
Ukuzijwayeza kuye kwafakazela ukuthi izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zesikhumba sokwenziwa azikwazi ukushintshwa ngesikhumba semvelo, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwemakethe yasekhaya nezangaphandle, isikhumba sokwenziwa siphinde sashintsha inani elikhulu lesikhumba semvelo ngezinsiza ezinganele. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa ukwenza izikhwama, izingubo zokugqoka, izicathulo, izimoto kanye nomhlobiso wefenisha, kuye kwaqashelwa kakhulu yimakethe, ububanzi bayo bezicelo, inani lezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, eziningi, yisikhumba semvelo sendabuko esingakwazi ukuhlangabezana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2024
