Isahluko 1: Incazelo kanye Nemiqondo Eyinhloko Yesikhumba se-PU
Isikhumba se-PU, esifushane sesikhumba sokwenziwa se-polyurethane, siyinto eyenziwe umuntu eyenziwe nge-polyurethane resin njengokwembozwa kwayo okuyinhloko, esetshenziswa kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene (imvamisa izindwangu) ukulingisa ukubukeka nokuzwakala kwesikhumba sesilwane semvelo.
Izithako eziyinhloko:
I-Polyurethane (PU): Lena i-polymer enesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana ekwazi ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukumelana nokuguquguquka, ukuguquguquka, kanye nepulasitiki. Esikhumbeni se-PU, isebenza ngokuyinhloko njengokwemboza okungaphezulu, okubhekele ukuthungwa kwesikhumba, umbala, isicwebezelisi, nokuzwakala kwayo okuningi okuthintayo. Ikhwalithi ephezulu ye-PU resin ingakha umphumela wokusanhlamvu ongokoqobo.
I-Backing Material: Lesi yisisekelo lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-PU enamathelayo, ngokuvamile indwangu. Izinto ezivame kakhulu zokusekela yilezi:
Indwangu ebunjiwe: Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuthamba kuvamile ezingutsheni nasezicathulweni eziphezulu.
Indwangu engalukiwe: Izindleko eziphansi futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza, evame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni esezingeni eliphansi noma emaphaketheni.
Indwangu elukiweyo (njenge-polyester kanye nekotini): Amandla aphezulu kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional, evame ukusetshenziswa emithwalweni nasefenisha. I-Microfiber substrate: Le substrate esezingeni eliphezulu yenziwe ngemicu emihle kakhulu, enesakhiwo esifana kakhulu nenethiwekhi ye-collagen fiber yesikhumba sangempela. Lokhu kudala isikhumba se-microfiber PU, uhlobo oluphakeme kakhulu lwesikhumba se-PU.
Isimiso Sokusebenza: Isikhumba se-PU sikhiqizwa ngokugcotshwa noma ngokufaka i-polyurethane slurry ewuketshezi phezu kwendwangu eyisisekelo. Lokhu-ke kwelashwa ngokushisa, kugcizelelwe, nezinye izinqubo ukuze kwakhiwe into eyinhlanganisela enokwakheka okufana nesikhumba kanye nezakhiwo.
Isahluko 2: Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Isikhumba ye-PU
Ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba kwe-PU kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Ukwelashwa Kwendwangu Eyisisekelo: Okokuqala, indwangu eyisisekelo yendwangu ekhethiwe ibhekana nokwelashwa kusengaphambili, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa, uku-ayina, nokufakwa ngaphakathi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo ebushelelezi nokwenza lula ukuhlangana ne-PU coating.
I-Polyurethane Slurry Preparation: Izinhlayiya ze-polyurethane zincibilika ku-solvent efana ne-DMF (dimethylformamide), futhi izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene (njengama-colorants, ama-anti-wear agents, ama-plasticizers, nama-coagulants) ayengezwa ukuze enze i-slurry efanayo.
I-Coating: I-PU slurry elungisiwe isetshenziswa ngokulinganayo kwindwangu eyisisekelo kusetshenziswa imishini efana ne-scraper noma i-roller. Ukujiya nokufana kwe-coating kunquma ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. I-Coagulation kanye Nokwakheka Kwefilimu: Impahla eboshiwe ingena kubhavu wokujiya (imvamisa ukugeza kwamanzi). Amanzi abhekana nokusabela kokugudluzwa ne-DMF ku-slurry, okwenza i-PU resin igibele kancane kancane futhi iqine, yakhe ungqimba lwefilimu oluncane olunesakhiwo esincane. Lesi sakhiwo se-microporous sinikeza izinga elithile lokuphefumula esikhumbeni se-PU.
Ukugeza Nokomisa: Impahla igezwa ngamanzi amaningi ukuze isuse ngokuphelele noma iyiphi insalela ye-DMF, kulandele ukomiswa.
Ukwelashwa Kwangaphandle (Ukuqeda): Lesi isinyathelo esibucayi ekunikezeni isikhumba "umphefumulo" waso.
I-Embossing: Amarola ensimbi abhalwe ngokusanhlamvu kwesikhumba (okufana ne-lychee, ukuwa, noma i-nappa) acindezelwa ebusweni ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela ukuze adale ukuthungwa okufunayo.
Ukuphrinta: Amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngisho namaphethini afana nalawo esikhumba sangaphandle angaphrintwa.
Ukuqeda: Ifilimu yokuvikela isetshenziswa ngaphezulu, njengesendlalelo esingagugi, isendlalelo se-matte, noma i-ejenti yokuzwa (efana nesiphetho esibushelelezi, esine-waxy, noma esifana ne-silicone) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka nokuqina.
Ukugoqa kanye Nokuhlola: Ekugcineni, umkhiqizo oqediwe ugoqelwa kumqulu futhi, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, uthunyelwe.
Isahluko 3: Izimpawu, Izinzuzo, kanye Nobubi be-PU Isikhumba
Izinzuzo:
Izindleko Eziphansi: Lena inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yesikhumba se-PU. Impahla yayo eluhlaza kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi kakhulu kunezesikhumba sezilwane, okwenza umkhiqizo wokugcina uthengeke kakhulu.
Ukubukeka Okufanayo kanye Nezinga Eliphezulu Lokusetshenziswa: Isikhumba se-PU siwumkhiqizo othuthukisiwe, okuholela kumbala ofanayo, ukuthungwa, kanye nogqinsi kumqulu ngamunye. Ayinawo amaphutha emvelo atholakala esikhumbeni sezilwane, njengezibazi, ukulunywa ngamabhu, nemibimbi, futhi cishe akukho mfucuza okhiqizwayo ngesikhathi sokusikwa.
Ukunakekelwa Okulula: Inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwamanzi namabala, okuvumela amabala avamile ukuba asuswe ngendwangu eswakame, kuqedwe isidingo samafutha okunakekela akhethekile.
Imibala Ehlukahlukene kanye Nenkululeko Yokuklama: Amasu okuqopha nokuphrinta angasetshenziswa ukulingisa okusanhlamvu kwanoma yisiphi isikhumba sesilwane (njengengwenya noma intshe), ngisho nokudala imibala namaphethini angatholakali emvelweni, anikeze abaklami inkululeko engenamkhawulo yokudala.
I-Lightweight: Ilula kakhulu kunesikhumba sesilwane endaweni efanayo.
Ukungaguquguquki Okuphezulu: Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki, kuqeda ukuhluka okuphawulekayo kokuzwakala nokusebenza ngaphakathi kwenqwaba efanayo.
Ilungele Imvelo Futhi Ilungele Izilwane: Ayisebenzisi ngokuqondile uboya bezilwane, obuhambisana nemigomo yabadla imifino kanye nezinhlangano zokuvikela izilwane. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje buphinde bujwayele ukusebenzisa izinhlaka ze-PU ezisekelwe emvelweni ukuze kuncishiswe ukunukubezeka kwe-solvent.
Isahluko 4: Isikhumba se-PU vs. Ezinye Izinto
1. PU Isikhumba vs. PVC Isikhumba
Isikhumba se-PVC (esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Xipi"): Simbozwe nge-polyvinyl chloride. Isizukulwane sangaphambili sesikhumba sokwenziwa.
Ukuqhathanisa: Isikhumba se-PVC ngokuvamile siqinile, asiguquki kancane, sinokuphefumula okubi kakhulu (cishe awekho ama-micropores), sizwa ipulasitiki ethe xaxa, futhi sijwayele ukuqhekeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PVC nakho akuhambisananga nemvelo. Ngakho-ke, isikhumba se-PU sidlula isikhumba se-PVC cishe kuzo zonke izici zokusebenza futhi okwamanje siwukhetho olujwayelekile lwesikhumba sokwenziwa.
2. PU Isikhumba vs. Microfiber Isikhumba
Isikhumba se-Microfiber: Senziwe ngesisekelo sendwangu engalukiwe emincane efakwe nge-polyurethane. Njengamanje iyisikhumba sokwenziwa esisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuqhathanisa: Isakhiwo sesisekelo sesikhumba se-Microfiber sifana kakhulu nesikhumba sangempela, okuholela ekubeni namandla, ukuqina, ukuphefumula, futhi uzizwe uphakeme kakhulu kunesikhumba esijwayelekile se-PU, sisondelene kakhulu nesikhumba sangempela sezinga eliphezulu, futhi siyasidlula kwezinye izakhiwo zomzimba (ukumelana nokuguga nokukhala). Vele, izindleko zayo nazo ziphakeme kakhulu kunezesikhumba esijwayelekile se-PU. Ungacabanga ngakho "njengokuthuthukiswa okunethezeka kwesikhumba se-PU."
Isahluko 5: Uhla Olubanzi Lwezicelo Zesikhumba Ze-PU
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okulinganiselwe kanye nezindleko, isikhumba se-PU sinohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Izingubo Zemfashini: Amabhantshi, amabhulukwe, iziketi, amabhande, njll. Kuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ehlukile yesikhumba yemikhiqizo yemfashini esheshayo.
Izicathulo Nezikhwama: Izingxenye zokuhlobisa zamateku, izicathulo ezivamile, namabhuzu; inqwaba yezikhwama, izikhwama zemali, nezikhwama zesikole.
I-Furniture Upholstery: Osofa, izihlalo zokudlela, izembozo eziseceleni kombhede, izihlalo zemoto, izembozo zamasondo okuqondisa, amapaneli angaphakathi, njll. Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zayo zamaphethini nokuhlanza okulula, isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yasekhaya neyezimoto.
Imikhiqizo kagesi: Amakesi efoni, amakesi wethebhulethi, amakesi ama-headphone, amakesi e-laptop, njll.
Okunye: Izembozo zokubhala, amabhokisi obucwebe, amagilavu, ukupakishwa okuhlukahlukene, nezinto zokuhlobisa.
Isahluko 6: Indlela Yokukhetha Nokunakekela Imikhiqizo Yesikhumba ye-PU
Amathiphu okuthenga:
Bheka: Hlola ukuthi okusanhlamvu kufana yini futhi kuphelele. Isikhumba sangempela sinokungahambi kahle kwemvelo kokusanhlamvu kwaso. Ingxenye ephambene yesikhumba se-PU izoveza ungqimba lwendwangu oluhlukile. Thinta: Izwa ukuthungwa. Isikhumba esihle se-PU kufanele sithambile futhi sithambile, kuyilapho izinga eliphansi lingazwakala liqinile futhi lipulasitiki. Futhi, yizwa izinga lokushisa. Isikhumba sangempela sihambisa ukushisa ngokushesha futhi sizwakala sipholile lapho sithintwa, kuyilapho isikhumba se-PU sizizwa siseduze nezinga lokushisa legumbi.
Ukuhogela: Isikhumba sangempela sinephunga elihlukile lesikhumba, kuyilapho isikhumba se-PU sivame ukuba nepulasitiki epholile noma iphunga lamakhemikhali.
Cindezela: Ukucindezela indawo ngeminwe yakho kuzodala imibimbi yemvelo, e-radial, elulama kancane. Isikhumba se-PU, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinemibimbi eqinile noma ecashile elulama ngokushesha.
Ukunakekela:
Ukuhlanza: Sula njalo ingaphezulu ngendwangu ethambile, emanzi ukuze ususe uthuli namabala. Ukuze uthole amabala anenkani, sebenzisa isihlanzi sesikhumba sokwenziwa esizinikele; gwema izincibilikisi ezinokhahlo.
Gwema: Gwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni noma imithombo yokushisa ukuze uvimbele ukuguga nokuqhekeka. Gwema ukuthintana nezinto ezicijile.
Isitoreji: Gcina endaweni epholile, eyomile, okungcono kakhulu ukuthi isongwe ngesikhwama sothuli. Gwema ukucindezela okukhulu.
Ukulungisa: Ukulimala okukhulu kokunameka kwangaphezulu kunzima ukukulungisa futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukupeshwa noma ukulungiswa kochwepheshe.
Isahluko sesi-7: Amathrendi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo
Ukwenziwa kwemvelo: Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsalela ze-PU ezisekelwe emanzini (ezingancibiliki), i-PU esekelwe ku-bio (ephuma ezitshalweni), kanye nezinto ezigaywa kabusha ze-PU yizindawo ezibalulekile okugxilwe kuzo.
Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, izici zokusebenza zesikhumba se-PU, ezifana nokuphefumula, ukumelana ne-hydrolysis, ukumelana namabala, nokuncipha komlilo, kuzothuthukiswa futhi, kunwetshwe ukusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni ekhethekile efana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle nezokwelapha.
I-Bionic Intelligence: Ukuthuthukisa izinto zesikhumba ze-biomimetic ezinezici ezihlakaniphile ezifana nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa "okuguquguqukayo" nokushintsha kombala.
I-High-End: Ubuchwepheshe besikhumba be-Microfiber PU buzoqhubeka buvuthwa, bungene kancane kancane emaketheni ephezulu yesikhumba sangempela futhi bunikeze ulwazi oluyiqiniso.
Isiphetho
Njengokuqanjwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo okumangalisayo, isikhumba se-PU sibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwentando yeningi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi abaningi, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwezilwane. Nakuba ingaphelele, ibhalansi yayo yezindleko, umklamo, kanye nokusebenza kwayo kuyivikele endaweni engenakunyakaziswa ezweni lesimanje lezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuqonda izici zayo kungasisiza senze izinqumo zabathengi ezihlakaniphile: uma sifuna okuhlukile, ukuqina, kanye nokubaluleka, isikhumba sangempela singase sibe yimpendulo; futhi lapho sidinga imfashini, ukusetshenziswa kalula, kanye nokuthengeka, isikhumba se-PU ngokungangabazeki siyisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ikusasa lesikhumba se-PU nakanjani livumelane kakhulu nemvelo futhi libe phezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2025
