Isahluko 1: Incazelo kanye Nemiqondo Ewumongo—Siyini Isikhumba Se-PU Esisekelwe Ngamanzi?
Isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini, esaziwa nangokuthi isikhumba sokwenziwa se-polyurethane esekwe emanzini, siyisikhumba sokwenziwa sezinga eliphezulu esenziwe ngokugcotshwa noma ngokufaka indwangu eyisisekelo nge-polyurethane resin kusetshenziswa amanzi njengendlela yokuhlakazeka (i-diluent). Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwayo, sidinga kuqala ukuhlukanisa leli gama:
I-Polyurethane (PU): Lena i-polymer ephezulu yamangqamuzana ekwazi ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukuguquguquka, ukunwebeka okuphezulu, nokumelana nokuguga. Iwumgogodla wezinto ezingavuthiwe zesikhumba sokwenziwa, futhi izici zaso zinquma ngokuqondile ukuthungwa, ukuzwakala, nokuqina kwesikhumba.
Okususelwe emanzini: Lona umehluko omkhulu ezinqubweni zendabuko. Kubhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi i-polyurethane resin ayincibiliki ku-solvent yemvelo (njenge-DMF, i-toluene, noma i-butanone), kodwa kunalokho ihlakazeka ngokulinganayo emanzini njengezinhlayiya ezincane, zenze i-emulsion.
Ngakho-ke, isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini empeleni siyisikhumba sokwenziwa esivumelana nemvelo esikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-polyurethane sisebenzisa amanzi njengesixazululi. Ukuvela nokuthuthuka kwayo kumelela intuthuko ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe embonini yesikhumba ekuphenduleni izitayela zomhlaba zokuvikela imvelo kanye nezidingo zempilo nokuphepha.
Isahluko 2: Isendlalelo - Kungani Isikhumba Se-PU Esisekelwe Emanzini?
Ukuvela kwesikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini akubanga ngengozi; yayiklanyelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga ezingathi sína ezethulwa yisikhumba se-PU esisekelwe ku-solvent.
1. Okubi Kwesikhumba Se-PU Esincibilika Ngokwendabuko:
Ukungcoliswa Kwemvelo Okubi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, inani elikhulu lama-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) likhishelwa emkhathini. Ama-VOC ayizandulela ezibalulekile zentuthu ye-photochemical kanye ne-PM2.5, ebeka ubungozi obubalulekile emvelweni nempilo yabantu.
Izingozi Zezempilo Nezokuphepha: Izincibilikisi zemvelo ngokuvamile zinobuthi, ziyavutha, futhi ziyaqhuma. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kubasebenzi basefekthri kubeka engcupheni yokungenwa ushevu, futhi amanani amancane ezinsalela ezincibilikayo angase ahlale emkhiqizweni oqediwe ngesikhathi sawo sokuqala, okubeka ingozi enkulu yempilo kubathengi.
Ukungcola Kwensiza: Izinqubo ezisekelwe ekuncibilikeni zidinga okokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi kokutakula ukuze kugaywe kabusha futhi kucutshungulwe lezi zincibilikisi eziphilayo, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwamandla kanye nokungakwazi ukuzuza ukululama okungu-100%, okuholela ekumoshweni kwensiza.
2. Abashayeli Benqubomgomo Nezimakethe:
Ukuqinisa Imithetho Yezemvelo Yomhlaba Wonke: Amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi i-China, i-EU, neNyakatho Melika, ethule imikhawulo eqinile yokukhipha i-VOC kanye nemithetho yentela yemvelo, ephoqelela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
Ukuqwashisa kwabathengi ngemvelo kuyanda: Imikhiqizo eminingi nabathengi bacabangela "ukuvikelwa kwemvelo," "ukusimama," kanye "nokuluhlaza" njengezici ezibalulekile ezinqumweni zabo zokuthenga, okuholela ekukhuleni kwesidingo sezinto ezihlanzekile.
Ukuzibophezela Komphakathi Kwenkampani (CSR) kanye Nesithombe Somkhiqizo: Ukusebenzisa izinto ezithinta imvelo sekuyindlela ephumelelayo yezinkampani ukufeza izibopho zazo zomphakathi futhi zithuthukise isithunzi somkhiqizo wazo.
Iqhutshwa yilezi zici, ubuchwepheshe be-PU obusekelwe emanzini, njengenye indlela esebenza kakhulu, buveza amathuba amakhulu entuthuko.
Isahluko 3: Inqubo Yokukhiqiza - Umehluko Oyinhloko Phakathi Kwesikhumba Esisekelwe Ngamanzi Nesincibilikisiwe
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yesikhumba se-PU esekwe emanzini ifana kakhulu naleyo ye-solvent-based, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa ukulungiswa kwendwangu yesisekelo, ukugqoka i-polyurethane, ukuphulukisa, ukugeza, ukomisa, nokwelashwa kwendawo (ukufaka i-embossing, ukuphrinta, nokuhlikihla). Umehluko oyinhloko usezigabeni "zokwemboza" kanye "nokwelapha".
1. Inqubo Esekelwe Ekuxazululeni (Isistimu ye-DMF):
I-Coating: I-PU resin incibilika ku-solvent yemvelo efana ne-DMF (dimethylformamide) ukuze kwakhiwe isisombululo se-viscous, esibe sesisetshenziswa endwangu eyisisekelo.
I-Coagulation: Umkhiqizo ogqinsiwe oqediwe ucwiliswa kubhavu ohlanganisa amanzi. Isebenzisa ukungezwani okungapheli kwe-DMF namanzi, i-DMF ihlukana ngokushesha nesisombululo se-PU emanzini, kuyilapho amanzi engena kusixazululo se-PU. Le nqubo ibangela ukuthi i-PU igibele esixazululweni, yenze isendlalelo se-microporous cortical. Amanzi angcolile e-DMF adinga imishini ebizayo yokuwahluza kanye nemishini yokutakula.
2. Inqubo Esekelwe emanzini:
Ukugqoka: I-emulsion ye-PU esekelwe emanzini (izinhlayiya ze-PU ezihlakazekile emanzini) zisetshenziselwa indwangu eyisisekelo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokugqoka ummese noma ukucwiliswa.
I-Coagulation: Lena inqubo yobuchwepheshe eyinselele. Ama-emulsions asekelwe emanzini awaqukethe ama-solvents afana ne-DMF, ngakho-ke ukuhlangana akukwazi nje ukwenziwa ngamanzi. Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokuhlanganisa:
I-Thermal coagulation: Ukushisa nokomisa kusetshenziselwa ukuhwamulisa amanzi, okwenza izinhlayiya ze-PU ezisekelwe emanzini zincibilike futhi zenze ifilimu. Le ndlela idala ifilimu eliminyene elinokungenwa kahle komoya.
I-Coagulation (i-chemical coagulation): Lesi isihluthulelo sokukhiqiza isikhumba esiphefumula emanzini. Ngemuva kokumboza, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidlula okugeza okuqukethe i-coagulant (ngokuvamile isixazululo samanzi sikasawoti noma i-organic acid). I-coagulant iphazamisa i-emulsion enamanzi, iphoqa izinhlayiya ze-PU ukuba zihlukane, zihlanganise, futhi zixazulule, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-microporous efana naleyo yezinto ezisekelwe ku-solvent. Lokhu kunikeza umoya omuhle kakhulu nomswakama ukungena kwamanzi.
Inqubo esekelwe emanzini iwaqeda ngokuphelele ama-solvents ephilayo, iqede ukukhishwa kwe-VOC emthonjeni. Lokhu kwenza yonke indawo yokukhiqiza iphephe futhi kuqede isidingo sezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubuyisela i-solvent, okuholela enqubweni elula futhi enobungani bemvelo.
Isahluko 4: Izici Zokusebenza - Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Besikhumba Se-PU Esisekelwe Emanzini
(I) Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko:
Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Okukhulu:
I-Near-Zero Emissions ye-VOC: Azikho izinyibilikisi zemvelo ezinobuthi noma eziyingozi ezikhishwayo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, okuholela ekusebenzeni okunobungani kwemvelo.
Akunabuthi Futhi Akunangozi: Umkhiqizo wokugcina awuqukethe izincibilikisi ezisalela, awucasuli isikhumba somuntu, futhi uphephile futhi awunabo ubuthi. Ithobelana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo (njenge-EU REACH kanye ne-OEKO-TEX Standard 100), okuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amazinga ezempilo aphezulu, njengemikhiqizo yezinsana nesacathula, izinto zangaphakathi zezimoto, nempahla yasendlini.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ephephile: Iqeda ubungozi bomlilo, ukuqhuma, nobuthi babasebenzi.
Ukusebenza Okuhle kakhulu:
I-Handfeel Enhle Kakhulu: Isikhumba esenziwe nge-PU resin esuselwe emanzini ngokuvamile sinokuzwakala okuthambile, okugcwele, okuseduze nesikhumba sangempela.
Okuphefumulayo Nomswakama-Okuvunyelwayo (Okubambisa): Isakhiwo se-microporous esidaliwe sivumela umoya kanye nomswakama ukuba udlule, kwenze izicathulo, izikhwama, osofa, neminye imikhiqizo ibe isomisi futhi ikhululeke kakhudlwana ukuyisebenzisa, ukunqoba ukugcwala okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nesikhumba sokwenziwa.
I-High Hydrolysis Resistance: Ubuthakathaka obubodwa bemvelo be-polyurethane ukuthambekela kwayo ku-hydrolysis kanye nokuwohloka ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezinomswakama ophezulu. Izinhlelo ze-PU ezisekelwe emanzini ngokuvamile zinikeza ukulawula okungcono phezu kwesakhiwo sazo samangqamuzana, okuholela ekumelaneni okuphezulu kwe-hydrolysis uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhumba se-PU esisekelwe ku-solvent, okuholela empilweni yesevisi ende.
Ukunamathela Okuqinile: Ama-resin asekelwe emanzini abonisa ukumanzisa okuhle kakhulu nokunamathela kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene (izindwangu ezingezona ezilukiwe, ezilukiweyo nezisekelwe ku-microfiber).
Izinzuzo Zenqubomgomo Nezimakethe:
Hlangana kalula nemithetho yezemvelo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe, uqinisekise ukuthekelisa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Ngelebula ethi "Green Product", kulula ukuthola okuthengiwe ohlwini lokuthenga lwemikhiqizo nabathengi abasezingeni eliphezulu.
Isahluko 5: Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo - Ukukhetha Okunobungane Kwemvelo Yonke indawo
Isebenzisa izinzuzo zayo ezimbili zobungane bemvelo nokusebenza, isikhumba se-PU esekwe emanzini singena ngokushesha emikhakheni eyahlukene:
Izingubo Nezicathulo: Izicathulo eziphezulu ze-Athletic, izicathulo ezivamile, izicathulo zemfashini, izingubo zesikhumba, izindwangu zamajakhethi aphansi, ojosaka, nokunye okuningi kuyizinto ezinkulu zokusebenza. Ukuphefumula nokunethezeka kuyisihluthulelo.
Ifenisha Nempahla Yasekhaya: Osofa abasezingeni eliphezulu, izihlalo zokudlela, izembozo eziseceleni kombhede, nempahla yangaphakathi ethambile. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okumelana ne-hydrolysis, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, nokuphepha kwemvelo.
Ingaphakathi Lezimoto: Izihlalo zemoto, izindawo zokubeka izingalo, izicabha, amakhava esiteringi nokunye. Lena imakethe ebalulekile yesikhumba se-PU esisezingeni eliphezulu esisekelwe emanzini, okumele sihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokumelana nokuguga, ukumelana nokukhanya, ama-VOC aphansi, kanye nokubambezeleka komlilo.
Imikhiqizo kagesi: Amakesi elaptop, amakesi e-headphone, amabhande ewashi elihlakaniphile, nokunye, okunikeza umuzwa omnene, olungele isikhumba, nowesitayela.
Imithwalo Nezikhwama Eziphathwayo: Izindwangu zezikhwama zemfashini ezihlukahlukene, izikhwama zezincwadi, nemithwalo, okuhlanganisa ubuhle, ukuqina, kanye nedizayini engasindi.
Izimpahla Zezemidlalo: Ibhola, ama-basketball, amagilavu, nokunye.
Isahluko 6: Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Izinto
iqhudelana ne-Solvent-Based PU Isikhumba: Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isikhumba esisekelwe emanzini siphezulu ngokuhambisana nemvelo, impilo, nokuzwakala kwesandla, kodwa sisenayo indawo yokubamba mayelana nezindleko kanye nokusebenza okuthile okweqisayo. Isikhumba esisekelwe emanzini siyindlela ecacile yokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe.
vs. Isikhumba Sangempela: Isikhumba sangempela siyinto yemvelo enokwakheka okuyingqayizivele kanye nokuphefumula okuphakeme, kodwa siyabiza, sinekhwalithi engalingani, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza (ukushuka) iyangcolisa. Isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini sinikeza ukubukeka nokusebenza okungaguquki ngenani eliphansi, ngaphandle kokulimaza izilwane, futhi siqondaniswe kakhulu nemiqondo yokusetshenziswa kwezimiso zokuziphatha esimeme.
ngokumelene ne-PVC Artificial Isikhumba: Isikhumba se-PVC sinikeza inani eliphansi kakhulu, kodwa sinomuzwa oqinile, ukuphefumula okubi, asikwazi ukumelana nokubanda, futhi singase sibangele izinkinga zemvelo ngenxa yokwengezwa kwama-plasticizers. Isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini sidlula i-PVC ngokusebenza kanye nobungane bemvelo.
uma iqhathaniswa ne-Microfiber Isikhumba: Isikhumba se-Microfiber siyisikhumba sokwenziwa esisezingeni eliphezulu esisebenza eduze nesikhumba sangempela. Ivamise ukusebenzisa indwangu engalukiwe emincane njengesisekelo sayo, futhi ukunamathela kungenziwa nge-solvent-based noma i-PU esekwe emanzini. Inhlanganisela ye-PU esezingeni eliphezulu esekwe emanzini kanye nendwangu ye-microfiber imele isiqongo sobuchwepheshe bamanje besikhumba sokwenziwa.
Isahluko 6: Amathrendi entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo
Ukuphindaphinda Kwezobuchwepheshe kanye Nokuphumelela Kokusebenza: Ngokwakha ama-resin amasha asekelwe emanzini (njenge-silicone-modified PU kanye ne-acrylic-modified PU) kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphulukisa, izici zomzimba zomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle (ukubambezeleka kwelangabi, izakhiwo ezilwa namagciwane, ukuzilapha, njll.) kuzothuthukiswa nakakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezindleko kanye Nokuqina: Ngokuthandwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza, umnotho wesilinganiso uzonciphisa kancane kancane izindleko eziphelele zesikhumba se-PU esekwe emanzini, kwenze kube nokuncintisana kakhulu emakethe.
Ukudidiyelwa Kwe-Industrial Chain and Standardization: Kusukela ekuhlanganiseni inhlaka kuya ekukhiqizeni izikhumba kuya ekusetshenzisweni komkhiqizo, lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni luzokwakha ukusebenzelana okuseduze futhi lukhuthaze ngokuhlanganyela ukusungulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamazinga embonini.
Umnotho Oyindilinga kanye Nezinto Ezisekelwe Kwabaphilayo: Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo ngeke kugxile kuphela enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nasekusebenziseni kabusha kanye nokubola kwemikhiqizo ngemva komjikelezo wayo wokuphela kwempilo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-bio-based (ezifana namafutha ommbila namafutha e-castor) ukulungisa ama-PU resins asekelwe emanzini kuzoba umngcele olandelayo.
Isiphetho
Isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini singaphezu nje kokushintshwa kwezinto ezilula; imele indlela ewumgogodla yemboni yesikhumba ukuthi iguquke isuke ekubeni yimodeli yendabuko, engcolisa kakhulu, futhi edla amandla amaningi iye kweluhlaza, eqhubekayo. Ifinyelela ngempumelelo ibhalansi ebalulekile phakathi kokusebenza, izindleko, kanye nobungane bemvelo, ukwanelisa isidingo sabathengi semikhiqizo yesikhumba yekhwalithi ephezulu kuyilapho futhi igcwalisa isibopho senkampani somphakathi sokuvikela imvelo. Nakuba okwamanje ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile zezindleko nezobuchwepheshe, izinzuzo zayo ezinkulu zemvelo namandla okusebenza ayenza ibe inkambiso engenakuhlehliswa yemboni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula futhi nokuqwashisa ngezimakethe kuya kujula, isikhumba se-PU esisekelwe emanzini sesikulungele ukuba yimakethe yesikhumba yokwenziwa yesikhathi esizayo, sidale umhlaba "wesikhumba" ohlanzekile, ophephile futhi osemfashinini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-10-2025
