I-PU isifinyezo se-polyurethane ngesiNgisi, futhi igama lamakhemikhali ngesiShayina lithi "polyurethane". Isikhumba se-PU yisikhumba esenziwe nge-polyurethane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni izikhwama, izingubo zokugqoka, izicathulo, izimoto kanye nefenisha. Sekulokhu kuqashelwa kakhulu yimakethe. Ububanzi bayo bezicelo, amanani amakhulu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukwaneliswa ngesikhumba semvelo sendabuko. Izinga le-PU lesikhumba nalo liyahlukahluka, futhi isikhumba esihle se-PU singcono kakhulu kunesikhumba sangempela.
E-China, abantu bajwayele ukubiza isikhumba sokwenziwa esikhiqizwe nge-PU resin njengesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU (isikhumba se-PU okwesikhashana); Isikhumba sokwenziwa esikhiqizwe nge-PU resin kanye nezindwangu ezingalukiwe njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zibizwa nge-PU synthetic leather (isikhumba sokwenziwa ngamafuphi). Kuyisiko ukubhekisela ngokuhlangene kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu zesikhumba ezingenhla njengesikhumba sokwenziwa.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemboni yepulasitiki futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene zomnotho kazwelonke. Ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa kunomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 yentuthuko emhlabeni. I-China yaqala ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza isikhumba sokwenziwa ngo-1958. Yimboni eyathuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwemboni yepulasitiki yaseChina. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yesikhumba yokwenziwa yaseChina akukhona nje ukukhula kwemigqa yokukhiqiza imishini yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo okwandayo unyaka nonyaka, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo nemibala ekhula unyaka nonyaka, kodwa futhi inqubo yokuthuthukisa imboni inenhlangano yayo yezimboni. , enokubumbana okukhulu, ukuze isikhumba sokwenziwa saseShayina sibe , izinkampani zesikhumba zokwenziwa, kuhlanganise nezimboni ezihlobene, zihlele ndawonye futhi zathuthuka zaba imboni enamandla amakhulu.
Ngokulandela isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sizuze inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe njengendawo ekahle yesikhumba semvelo ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okubuhlungu kochwepheshe besayensi nezobuchwepheshe.
I-PU enamathela ebusweni bezindwangu yaqala ukuvela emakethe ngawo-1950. Ngo-1964, i-American DuPont Company yakha isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sezicathulo eziphezulu. Ngemva kokuba inkampani yaseJapane isungule umugqa wokukhiqiza onomphumela wonyaka wamamitha-skwele angu-600,000, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sikhule ngokushesha ngokwezinga lomkhiqizo, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokuphumayo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya ngokusondelana nesikhumba semvelo, futhi ezinye izakhiwo zedlula ngisho nesikhumba semvelo, zifinyelela ezingeni lapho kunzima khona ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesikhumba semvelo sangempela nesomgunyathi. Inesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni komuntu kwansuku zonke.
Namuhla, iJapane ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wesikhumba sokwenziwa. Imikhiqizo ye-Kuraray, Teijin, Toray, Zhongbo nezinye izinkampani ngokuyisisekelo imele izinga lentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwendwangu ye-fiber kanye ne-non-elukiweyo kuyathuthuka ngendlela ye-ultra-fine, high-density kanye nemiphumela ephezulu engalukiwe; ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-PU kuyathuthuka ngendlela yokuhlakazeka kwe-PU kanye ne-emulsion yamanzi ye-PU, futhi izinkambu zokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wayo zikhula njalo, kusukela ezicathulweni nasezikhwameni. ehlanganisa zonke izici zokuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke.
Isikhumba sokwenziwa sithatha indawo yokuqala yezindwangu zesikhumba ezasungulwa. Yenziwe nge-PVC kanye nama-plasticizers nezinye izithasiselo, i-calendered futhi ihlanganiswe nendwangu. Izinzuzo zishibhile, imibala ecebile namaphethini ahlukahlukene. Ububi ukuthi iqina kalula futhi Iba brittle. Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sisetshenziswa esikhundleni sesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, futhi intengo yaso iphakeme kunesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC. Mayelana nesakhiwo samakhemikhali, iseduze nezindwangu zesikhumba. Ayisebenzisi ama-plasticizers ukufeza izakhiwo ezithambile, ngakho-ke ngeke ibe nzima noma ibe brittle. Ibuye ibe nezinzuzo zemibala ecebile namaphethini ahlukahlukene, futhi ishibhile kunezindwangu zesikhumba. Ngakho yamukelwe ngabathengi.
Kukhona ne-PU enesikhumba. Ngokuvamile, uhlangothi olungemuva luwungqimba lwesibili lwesikhumba senkomo, futhi ungqimba lwe-PU resin lumbozwe phezulu, ngakho lubizwa nangokuthi isikhumba senkomo sefilimu. Intengo yayo ishibhile futhi izinga lokuyisebenzisa liphezulu. Ngokushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, senziwe futhi amabanga ahlukene, njengesikhumba senkomo esiphuma kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo obuhlukile, ikhwalithi ezinzile, nezinhlobo zamanoveli, iyisikhumba sezinga eliphezulu, futhi intengo yaso nebanga akukho ngaphansi kwesikhumba sangempela sosendlalelo sokuqala. Izikhwama zesikhumba ze-PU kanye nezikhwama zesikhumba zangempela zinezici zazo. Izikhwama zesikhumba ze-PU zinokubukeka okuhle, kulula ukuzinakekela, futhi ishibhile, kodwa azikwazi ukugqoka futhi kulula ukuphuka. Izikhwama zesikhumba zangempela ziyabiza futhi zinzima ukuzinakekela, kodwa zihlala isikhathi eside.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlukanisa izindwangu zesikhumba ezivela esikhumbeni sokwenziwa se-PVC kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU: enye ilula nokuqina kwesikhumba, isikhumba sangempela sithambile kakhulu futhi i-PU inzima, ngakho-ke i-PU isetshenziswa kakhulu ezicathulweni zesikhumba; enye iwukusetshenziswa kokushiswa nokuncibilika Indlela yokuhlukanisa ukuthatha indwangu encane uyibeke emlilweni. Indwangu yesikhumba ngeke incibilike, kodwa isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU sizoncibilika.
Umehluko phakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU ungahlukaniswa ngokusicwilisa kuphethiloli. Indlela yokusebenzisa indwangu encane, uyifake kuphethiloli isigamu sehora, bese uyikhipha. Uma kuyisikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, sizoba lukhuni futhi sibe brittle. Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU ngeke sibe nzima noma sibe brittle.
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Isikhumba semvelo sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izidingo zansuku zonke kanye nemikhiqizo yezimboni ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zemvelo ezinhle kakhulu. Nokho, ngokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni, isidingo somuntu sesikhumba siphindeke kabili, futhi inani elilinganiselwe lesikhumba semvelo alisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo. Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu kungqubuzana, ososayensi baqala ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa isikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa emashumini eminyaka edlule ukuze balungise ukushiyeka kwesikhumba semvelo. Umlando wocwaningo weminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 inqubo yesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa esibekela inselele isikhumba semvelo.
Ososayensi baqale ngokutadisha nokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nokwakheka kwenhlangano kwesikhumba semvelo, kusukela kuvanisha ye-nitrocellulose, base bedlulela esikhumbeni sokwenziwa se-PVC, okuwumkhiqizo wesizukulwane sokuqala sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ngalesi sisekelo, ososayensi baye benza intuthuko eminingi kanye nokuhlola, okokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziyisisekelo, bese ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-resin yokunamathisela. Ngawo-1970s, izindwangu zokwenziwa ze-fiber ezingezona ezilukiwe zathuthukisa izinqubo ezifana nokubhobozwa kwezinaliti nokubopha, okwanikeza isisekelo ingxenye yesiphambano emise okwempande ye-lotus kanye nokwakheka kwefayibha engenalutho, kwafinyelela isakhiwo esinembobo esihambisana nesakhiwo se-mesh semvelo. isikhumba. Izimfuneko: Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba sokwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi lwalungase lube nongqimba lwe-polyurethane olunesakhiwo sembotshana esihle, esasilingana nobuso obusanhlamvu besikhumba semvelo, ukuze ukubukeka nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU kwakusondele kancane kancane kulokho. yesikhumba semvelo, nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo zaziseduze nalezo zesikhumba semvelo. inkomba, futhi umbala ugqamile kunesikhumba semvelo; ukumelana kwayo nokugoqa ekamelweni lokushisa kungafinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugoqa ekushiseni okuphansi nakho kungafinyelela izinga lesikhumba semvelo.
Ukuvela kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-microfiber PU isizukulwane sesithathu sesikhumba sokwenziwa. Indwangu engalukiwe nenethiwekhi yayo yesakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu idala izimo zesikhumba sokwenziwa ukuze sibambene nesikhumba semvelo ngokwezinto eziyisisekelo. Lo mkhiqizo uhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusanda kuthuthukiswa bokucubungula i-PU slurry impregnation kanye nongqimba olungaphezulu oluhlanganisiwe nesakhiwo esivulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe indawo enkulu kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi okuqinile kwemicu ye-ultra-fine, okwenza isikhumba se-Ultra-fine PU sibe nezici ze Isikhumba semvelo se-Collagen fiber esihlanganisiwe sinezici zemvelo ze-hygroscopic, ngakho-ke singaqhathaniswa nesikhumba semvelo esisezingeni eliphezulu ngokwesakhiwo esincane sangaphakathi, ukuthungwa kokubukeka, izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nokunethezeka kwabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-microfiber synthetic leather idlula isikhumba semvelo mayelana nokumelana namakhemikhali, ukufana kwekhwalithi, ukuguquguquka ekukhiqizeni okuningi nokucutshungulwa, ukuvimbela amanzi, nokumelana nomkhuhlane nokuwohloka.
Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi izici ezinhle kakhulu zesikhumba sokwenziwa azikwazi ukushintshwa yisikhumba semvelo. Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle, isikhumba sokwenziwa siphinde sashintsha kakhulu isikhumba semvelo safaka izinsiza ezinganele. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa ukuhlobisa izikhwama, izingubo zokugqoka, izicathulo, izimoto kanye nefenisha kuye kwaqashelwa kakhulu emakethe. Ububanzi bayo bezicelo, amanani amakhulu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukwaneliswa ngesikhumba semvelo sendabuko.
Indlela yokuhlanza isikhumba sokwenziwa ye-PU:
1. Hlanza ngamanzi nokuhlanza, gwema ukukhuhla ngophethiloli.
2.Ungawomisi uhlanzekile
3. Ingagezwa kuphela ngamanzi, futhi izinga lokushisa lokugeza alikwazi ukudlula ama-40 degrees.
4.Ungakuchazi ukukhanya kwelanga
5. Ungahlangani nezinye izincibilikisi eziphilayo
6. Amajakhethi esikhumba e-PU adinga ukulengiswa ezikhwameni futhi awakwazi ukugoqwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-11-2024