Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zesikhumba zezihlalo zemoto, ezihlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko zibe izigaba ezimbili: isikhumba semvelo kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa. Izinto ezihlukile ziyahlukahluka ekuthinteni, ukuqina, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nentengo. Okulandelayo yizigaba ezinemininingwane nezici:
1. Isikhumba semvelo (isikhumba sangempela)
Isikhumba semvelo senziwe ngesikhumba sesilwane (ikakhulukazi isikhumba senkomo) futhi sinokuthungwa kwemvelo kanye nokuphefumula. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:
Isikhumba senkomo esiphezulu: isikhumba sekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, esigcina ungqimba lwesikhumba sesilwane, sithambile lapho sithintwa futhi siphefumula kahle, sivame ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu (njengeMercedes-Benz S-Class, BMW 7 Series).
Isikhumba senkomo sesendlalelo sesibili: sicutshungulwa kusuka kuzinsalela zesikhumba sangempela, indawo engaphezulu ivamise ukumbozwa ukulingisa ukuthungwa koqweqwe olungaphezulu lwesikhumba, olunokuphefumula okungekuhle, kodwa intengo iphansi, futhi amanye amamodeli ebanga eliphakathi azoyisebenzisa.
Isikhumba saseNappa: akulona uhlobo oluthile lwesikhumba, kodwa inqubo yokushukwa eyenza isikhumba sibe thambile futhi sithambile, esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zikanokusho (njenge-Audi, BMW).
Isikhumba se-Dakota (esikhethekile i-BMW): siqinile futhi siyangqubuzana kuneNappa, silungele amamodeli ezemidlalo.
Isikhumba se-aniline (i-semi-aniline/i-aniline egcwele): isikhumba sangempela sezinga eliphezulu, esingagcotshiwe, sigcina ukuthungwa kwemvelo, sisetshenziswa ezimotweni zohlobo oluphambili (ezifana ne-Maybach, i-Rolls-Royce).
2. Isikhumba sokwenziwa
Isikhumba sokwenziwa senziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa zamakhemikhali, ezinezindleko eziphansi, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumamodeli aphakathi nendawo naphansi:
Isikhumba se-PVC: senziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ukumelana nokugqokwa, intengo ephansi, kodwa ukungena komoya okungekuhle, ukuguga kalula, esetshenziswa amamodeli athile asezingeni eliphansi.
Isikhumba se-PU: esenziwe nge-polyurethane (PU), sizizwa sisondelene nesikhumba sangempela, sihlala isikhathi eside kune-PVC, kodwa sithambekele ekubeni ne-hydrolysis kanye ne-delamination ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Isikhumba se-Microfiber (isikhumba esiqinisiwe se-microfiber): senziwe nge-polyurethane + indwangu engalukiwe, engagqoki, imelana nokushisa okuphansi, imvelo futhi iseduze nokuthintwa kwesikhumba sangempela, esivame ukusetshenziswa phakathi namamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu (njenge-Alcantara suede).
-Isikhumba seSilicone: into entsha evumelana nemvelo, imelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme, imisebe ye-UV, i-flame retardant (ibanga le-V0), ngokuthinta eduze kwesikhumba sangempela, kodwa intengo ephezulu.
Isikhumba se-POE/XPO: Yenziwe nge-polyolefin elastomer, engasindi futhi ihambisana nemvelo, ingase ithathele indawo yesikhumba se-PVC/PU esikhathini esizayo.
3. Isikhumba esikhethekile (esisezingeni eliphezulu/okukhethekile)
I-Alcantara: Akuyona isikhumba sangempela, kodwa i-polyester + polyurethane synthetic material, engasheleli futhi engagugi, esetshenziswa ezimotweni zezemidlalo (njenge-Porsche, i-Lamborghini).
Isikhumba se-Artico (Mercedes-Benz): isikhumba sokwenziwa sezinga eliphezulu, esithinta eduze kwesikhumba sangempela, esisetshenziswa kumamodeli aphansi.
Isikhumba se-Designo (i-Mercedes-Benz): isikhumba sangokwezifiso sezinga eliphezulu, esenziwe nge-calfskin yekhwalithi ephezulu, sisetshenziswa ezimotweni zikanokusho ezifana ne-S-Class.
Isikhumba seValonea (Audi): imifino eshukiwe, evumelana nemvelo futhi iyaphefumula, isetshenziswa kumamodeli aphambili afana ne-A8.
4. Indlela yokuhlukanisa isikhumba sangempela esikhumbeni sokwenziwa?
Thinta: Isikhumba sangempela sithambile futhi siqinile, kuyilapho isikhumba sokwenziwa sibushelelezi noma siqinile.
Ukuhogela: Isikhumba sangempela sinephunga lesikhumba lemvelo, kanti isikhumba sokwenziwa sinephunga lepulasitiki.
Ukuthungwa: Isikhumba sangempela sinokuthungwa okungajwayelekile ngokwemvelo, kuyilapho isikhumba sokwenziwa sinokwakheka okuvamile.
Ukuhlolwa kokusha (akunconyiwe): Isikhumba sangempela sinephunga lezinwele lapho sisha, kuyilapho isikhumba sokwenziwa sinephunga lepulasitiki lapho sincibilika.
Isifinyezo
Izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu: I-Nappa, isikhumba se-aniline, i-Alcantara, njll. zisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Izimoto ezimaphakathi: Isikhumba seMicrofiber, isikhumba senkomo esihlukanisiwe, isikhumba sePU zivame kakhulu.
Izimoto ezisezingeni eliphansi: I-PVC noma isikhumba se-PU esijwayelekile siyinto eyinhloko.
Izinto ezihlukene zifanele izidingo ezahlukene, futhi abathengi bangakhetha ngokuvumelana nesabelomali nokunethezeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-28-2025
