Izakhiwo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zesikhumba semvelo, i-polyurethane (PU) i-microfiber synthetic leather kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yesikhumba sokwenziwa kwaqhathaniswa, futhi izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo zahlolwa, zaqhathaniswa futhi zahlaziywa. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ngokwemishini, ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-PU microfiber synthetic leather kungcono kunelesikhumba sangempela kanye ne-PVC synthetic leather; ngokusebenza kokugoba, ukusebenza kwe-PU microfiber synthetic leather kanye ne-PVC synthetic leather kuyafana, futhi ukusebenza kokugoba kungcono kunokwesikhumba sangempela ngemva kokuguga ekushiseni okumanzi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi; mayelana nokumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokuguga kwesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC kungcono kunesikhumba sangempela; ngokwezinye izinto ezibonakalayo, ukufinyeleleka komhwamuko wesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC kuncipha ngokushintshana, kanye nokuzinza kwe-PU microfiber synthetic lesikhumba kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC ngemva kokuguga okushisayo kuyafana futhi kungcono kunokwesikhumba sangempela.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yengaphakathi lemoto, izindwangu zezihlalo zemoto zithinta ngqo umuzwa wokushayela womsebenzisi. Isikhumba semvelo, i-polyurethane (PU) i-microfiber synthetic leather (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa nge-PU microfiber leather) kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) isikhumba sokwenziwa yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zendwangu yokuhlala.
Isikhumba semvelo sinomlando omude wokusebenza empilweni yomuntu. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo se-helix kathathu se-collagen ngokwayo, inezinzuzo zokuthamba, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla aphezulu, ukumuncwa komswakama ophezulu kanye nokungena kwamanzi. Isikhumba semvelo sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindwangu zezihlalo zamamodeli aphakathi kuya phezulu embonini yezimoto (ikakhulukazi isikhumba senkomo), esingahlanganisa ukunethezeka nokunethezeka.
Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi wesintu, ukuhlinzekwa kwesikhumba semvelo kunzima ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sabantu. Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali nezindlela ukuze benze ezinye izinto esikhundleni sesikhumba semvelo, okungukuthi, isikhumba sokwenziwa. Ukufika kwesikhumba sokwenziwa kwe-PVC kungalandelwa emuva ku-20 Ku-1930s, kwakuyisizukulwane sokuqala semikhiqizo yesikhumba yokwenziwa. Izici zayo ezibonakalayo zingamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugoqa, ukumelana ne-asidi ne-alkali, njll., futhi kuyindleko ephansi futhi kulula ukuyicubungula. Isikhumba se-PU microfiber sathuthukiswa ngempumelelo ngeminyaka yawo-1970s. Ngemuva kwenqubekelaphambili kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo zobuchwepheshe besimanje, njengohlobo olusha lwezinto zokwenziwa zesikhumba zokwenziwa, sekusetshenziswe kakhulu izingubo eziphezulu, ifenisha, amabhola, ingaphakathi lemoto kanye neminye imikhakha. Izici ezibonakalayo zesikhumba se-PU microfiber ukuthi ilingisa ngempela ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kanye nekhwalithi yokuthungwa kwesikhumba semvelo, futhi inokuqina okungcono kunesikhumba sangempela, izinzuzo zezindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobungane bemvelo.
Ingxenye yokuhlola
Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC
Isakhiwo sempahla yesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC sihlukaniswe kakhulu ngokuthi Yi-surface coating, ungqimba oluminyene lwe-PVC, ungqimba lwegwebu lwe-PVC, ungqimba olunamathelayo lwe-PVC kanye nendwangu yesisekelo se-polyester (bheka Umfanekiso 1). Endleleni yokukhishwa kwephepha (indlela yokudlulisa enamathela), i-PVC slurry iqala ukuklwejwa okokuqala ukuze yakhe ungqimba oluminyene lwe-PVC (ungqimba olungaphezulu) ephepheni lokukhululwa, futhi lungena kuhhavini lokuqala lwe-gel plasticization kanye nokupholisa; okwesibili, ngemva kokukhuhla kwesibili, ungqimba lwegwebu lwe-PVC lwakhiwa ngesisekelo sesendlalelo esiminyene se-PVC, bese senziwe ngepulasitiki futhi sipholile kuhhavini wesibili; okwesithathu, emva kokukhishwa kwesithathu, ungqimba lwe-PVC olunamathelayo (ungqimba olungezansi) lwakhiwe, futhi luhlanganiswe nendwangu eyisisekelo, futhi lungena kuhhavini lesithathu le-plasticization kanye ne-foaming; ekugcineni, liyahlutshwa ephepheni lokukhulula ngemva kokupholisa nokwakheka (bheka Umfanekiso 2).
Isikhumba semvelo kanye nesikhumba se-PU microfiber
Isakhiwo sempahla yesikhumba semvelo sihlanganisa ungqimba lokusanhlamvu, ukwakheka kwefayibha kanye nokwemboza kwendawo (bheka Umfanekiso 3(a)). Inqubo yokukhiqiza kusuka esikhumbeni eluhlaza ukuya esikhumbeni sokwenziwa ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ukulungiselela, ukushuka nokuqeda (bheka uMdwebo 4). Inhloso yasekuqaleni yokwakhiwa kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber ukulingisa ngempela isikhumba semvelo ngokuya ngesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuthungwa kokubukeka. Isakhiwo sempahla yesikhumba se-PU microfiber ikakhulukazi sihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-PU, ingxenye eyisisekelo kanye nokwemboza kwendawo (bheka Umfanekiso 3(b)). Phakathi kwazo, ingxenye eyisisekelo isebenzisa ama-microfiber ahlanganisiwe anesakhiwo esifanayo nokusebenza kumafayibha e-collagen ahlanganiswe esikhumbeni semvelo. Ngokwelashwa okukhethekile kwenqubo, indwangu ephezulu engalukiwe enesakhiwo senethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu ihlanganiswa, ihlanganiswe nempahla yokugcwalisa i-PU enesakhiwo esivulekile se-microporous (bheka Umfanekiso 5).
Ukulungiselela isampula
Amasampula avela kubahlinzeki bendwangu yezihlalo zezimoto abajwayelekile emakethe yasekhaya. Amasampula amabili ento ngayinye, isikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, silungiswa kusuka kubahlinzeki abahlukene abangu-6. Amasampula aqanjwe ngesikhumba sangempela esingu-1# kanye no-2#, isikhumba se-PU microfiber 1# kanye no-2#, isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 1# kanye no-2#. Umbala wamasampuli umnyama.
Ukuhlola kanye nezimpawu
Kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zezicelo zemoto zezinto zokwakha, amasampula angenhla aqhathaniswa ngokwezakhiwo zemishini, ukumelana nokugoqa, ukumelana nokugqoka nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo. Izinto ezithile zokuhlola nezindlela kukhonjiswe kuThebula 1.
Ithebula 1 Izinto zokuhlola eziqondile nezindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza kwempahla
| Cha. | Ukuhlukaniswa kokusebenza | Izinto zokuhlola | Igama lesisetshenziswa | Indlela yokuhlola |
| 1 | Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zemishini | Amandla aqinile/ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu | Umshini wokuhlola i-Zwick tensile | I-DIN EN ISO 13934-1 |
| Amandla ezinyembezi | Umshini wokuhlola i-Zwick tensile | I-DIN EN ISO 3377-1 | ||
| Ukwelulwa okumile/ukuguquguquka okuhlala njalo | Ubakaki wokumiswa, izisindo | I-PV 3909(50 N/30 amaminithi) | ||
| 2 | Ukumelana nokugoqa | Ukuhlolwa kokugoqa | Umhloli wokugoba isikhumba | I-DIN EN ISO 5402-1 |
| 3 | Ukumelana nemihuzuko | Ukushesha kombala ukungqubuzana | Umhloli wesikhumba | I-DIN EN ISO 11640 |
| Ukulimala kwepuleti lebhola | I-Martindale abrasion tester | I-VDA 230-211 | ||
| 4 | Ezinye izakhiwo ezibonakalayo | Ukungena kwamanzi | Umhloli womswakama wesikhumba | I-DIN EN ISO 14268 |
| Ukuncipha komlilo okuvundlile | Imishini yokulinganisa evundlile ye-flame retardant | I-TL. 1010 | ||
| Ukuzinza kwe-Dimensional (isilinganiso sokuncipha) | Ihhavini lokushisa eliphezulu, igumbi lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, irula | - | ||
| Ukukhipha iphunga | Ihhavini lokushisa eliphezulu, idivayisi yokuqoqa iphunga | VW50180 |
Ukuhlaziya kanye nengxoxo
Izakhiwo zemishini
Ithebula 2 libonisa idatha yokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini yesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, lapho u-L emele isiqondiso se-warp futhi u-T umele isiqondiso se-weft. Kungabonakala kuThebula lesi-2 ukuthi ngokwamandla aqinile kanye nokwelula ngesikhathi sokuphumula, amandla aqinile esikhumba semvelo kuzo zombili izikhombisi-ndlela ze-warp ne-weft aphakeme kunesikhumba se-PU microfiber, abonisa amandla angcono, kuyilapho ukunwetshwa kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber kukhulu futhi ukuqina kungcono; kuyilapho amandla aqinile kanye nobude ngesikhathi sekhefu lesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC kokubili kuphansi kunalezo ezinye izinto ezimbili. Mayelana nokwelulwa okumile kanye nokuguquguquka okuhlala njalo, amandla aqinile esikhumba semvelo aphakeme kunalawo esikhumba se-PU microfiber, abonisa amandla angcono, kuyilapho ukunwetshwa kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber kukhulu futhi ukuqina kungcono. Mayelana nokuguquguquka, ukuguqulwa okuhlala njalo kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber kuncane kakhulu kuzo zombili izikhombisi-ndlela ze-warp ne-weft (ukuguqulwa okujwayelekile okuhlala njalo ku-warp direction ngu-0.5%, futhi ukuguqulwa okujwayelekile okuhlala njalo endaweni ye-weft ngu-2.75%), okubonisa ukuthi impahla inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokululama ngemva kokwelulwa, okungcono kunesikhumba sangempela se-PVC nesikhumba sokwenziwa. Ukwelulwa okuqinile kubhekisela ezingeni lokuguquguquka kokwelulwa kwento engaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ikhava yesihlalo. Asikho isidingo esicacile esilinganisweni futhi sisetshenziswa kuphela njengenani eliyireferensi. Mayelana namandla okudabula, amanani amasampula ezinto ezintathu afanayo futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
Ithebula 2 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini yesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC
| Isampula | Amandla okuqina/MPa | Ukuphakama ngesikhathi sekhefu/% | Ubude obungaguquki/% | Ukuguqulwa okuphakade/% | Amandla wezinyembezi/N | |||||
| L | T | L | T | L | T | L | T | L | T | |
| Isikhumba sangempela 1# | 17.7 | 16.6 | 54.4 | 50.7 | 19.0 | 11.3 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 50 | 52.4 |
| Isikhumba sangempela 2# | 15.5 | 15.0 | 58.4 | 58.9 | 19.2 | 12.7 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 33.7 | 34.1 |
| Izinga lesikhumba langempela | ≥9.3 | ≥9.3 | ≥30.0 | ≥40.0 | ≤3.0 | ≤4.0 | ≥25.0 | ≥25.0 | ||
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 1# | 15.0 | 13.0 | 81.4 | 120.0 | 6.3 | 21.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 49.7 | 47.6 |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 2# | 12.9 | 11.4 | 61.7 | 111.5 | 7.5 | 22.5 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 67.8 | 66.4 |
| PU Microfiber lesikhumba standard | ≥9.3 | ≥9.3 | ≥30.0 | ≥40.0 | ≤3.0 | ≤4.0 | ≥40.0 | ≥40.0 | ||
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC I# | 7.4 | 5.9 | 120.0 | 130.5 | 16.8 | 38.3 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 62.5 | 35.3 |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 2# | 7.9 | 5.7 | 122.4 | 129.5 | 22.5 | 52.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 41.7 | 33.2 |
| Izinga lesikhumba lokwenziwa le-PVC | ≥3.6 | ≥3.6 | ≤3.0 | ≤6.0 | ≥30.0 | ≥25.0 | ||||
Ngokuvamile, amasampula esikhumba e-PU microfiber anamandla amahle okuqina, ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu, ukuguquguquka okungapheli namandla okudabula, futhi izici ezibanzi zemishini zingcono kunalezo zesikhumba sangempela kanye namasampula esikhumba okwenziwa e-PVC.
Ukumelana nokugoqa
Izimo zamasampula okuhlola ukumelana nokugoqa zihlukaniswe ngokukhethekile ngezinhlobo eziyi-6, okuyisimo sokuqala (isimo esingagugi), isimo sokuguga sokushisa esimanzi, isimo sokushisa esiphansi (-10 ℃), isimo sokuguga esikhanyayo se-xenon (PV1303/3P), isimo sokuguga esiphezulu sokushisa (100 ℃/168h) kanye nesimo sokuguga sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu (PV20P0). Indlela yokugoqa iwukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokugoba lesikhumba ukuze kulungiswe iziphetho ezimbili zesampula elingunxande ekuqondeni kobude kuma-clamp angaphezulu naphansi ensimbi, ukuze isampula ibe ngu-90°, futhi igobe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesivinini esithile kanye ne-engeli. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza okugoqekayo kwesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC kuboniswa kuThebula 3. Kungabonakala kuThebula 3 ukuthi isikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampuli esikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC konke kuyagoqwa ngemva kwezikhathi ezingu-100,000 esimweni sokuqala, izikhathi ezingu-100 ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-xenon 00. Ingakwazi ukugcina isimo esihle ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukucindezelwa mhlophe. Kwezinye izimo ezihlukene zokuguga, okungukuthi, isimo sokuguga esimanzi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuguga, kanye nesimo sokuguga sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu se-PU microfiber lesikhumba kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, amasampula angakwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa kokugoba okungu-30,000. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokugoba okungu-7,500 kuya kwezingu-8,500, imifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe kwaqala ukubonakala endaweni emanzi yokushisa yokuguga kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamasampula esikhumba sangempela, futhi ukuqina kokushisa okumanzi ukuguga (168h/70℃/75%) kungaphansi kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber. Isikhumba sefibre nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC (240h/90℃/95%). Ngokufanayo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kokugoba okungu-14,000 ~ 15,000, imifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe qhwa kuvela esimweni sesikhumba ngemva kokuguga kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukumelana nokugoba kwesikhumba kuncike ikakhulukazi oqwembeni lwemvelo lokusanhlamvu kanye nesakhiwo sefayibha yesikhumba sokuqala, futhi ukusebenza kwayo akukuhle njengokufana kwezinto zokwenziwa zamakhemikhali. Ngokuhambisanayo, izidingo ezijwayelekile zezinto zesikhumba nazo ziphansi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izinto zesikhumba "zintekenteke" kakhulu futhi abasebenzisi kumele baqaphe kakhulu noma banake ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Ithebula 3 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokugoqa yesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC
| Isampula | Isimo sokuqala | Isimo sokuguga sokushisa esimanzi | Izinga lokushisa eliphansi | Isimo sokuguga esikhanyayo se-Xenon | Isimo sokuguga sokushisa okuphezulu | Isimo sokuguga sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu |
| Isikhumba sangempela 1# | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 168 h/70 ℃/75% izikhathi ezingu-8 000, imifantu yaqala ukubonakala, ingcindezi yaba mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-32 000, imifantu yaqala ukuvela, akukho ukucindezeleka okuba mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ze-7500, imifantu yaqala ukuvela, akukho ukucindezeleka okumhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-15 000, imifantu yaqala ukuvela, akukho ukucindezeleka okumhlophe |
| Isikhumba sangempela 2# | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 168 h/70 ℃/75% izikhathi ezingu-8 500, imifantu yaqala ukubonakala, ingcindezi yaba mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-32 000, imifantu yaqala ukuvela, akukho ukucindezeleka okuba mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ze-8000, imifantu yaqala ukuvela, akukho ukucindezeleka okumhlophe | Izikhathi ze-4000, imifantu yaqala ukuvela, akukho ukucindezeleka okumhlophe |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 1# | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 240 h/90 ℃/95% izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ingcindezi ibe mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-35 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 2# | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 240 h/90 ℃/95% izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ingcindezi ibe mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-35 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 1# | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 240 h/90 ℃/95% izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ingcindezi ibe mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-35 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 2# | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 240 h/90 ℃/95% izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ingcindezi ibe mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-35 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba sangempela | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 168 h/70 ℃/75% izikhathi ezingu-5 000, akukho mifantu noma ingcindezi ibe mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Azikho izidingo | Asikho isidingo |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba ze-PU microfiber | Izikhathi eziyi-100,000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | 240 h/90 ℃/95% izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ingcindezi ibe mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi eziyi-10 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe | Izikhathi ezingu-30 000, akukho mifantu noma ukucindezelwa kube mhlophe |
Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kokugoqa kwesikhumba, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampuli esikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC kuhle esimweni sokuqala kanye nesimo sokuguga esikhanyayo se-xenon. Esimeni sokushisa esimanzi sokuguga, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuguga kanye nesimo sokuguga kwesimo sezulu, ukusebenza kokugoqa kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye ne-PVC yesikhumba sokwenziwa kuyafana, okungcono kunesikhumba.
Ukumelana nemihuzuko
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nemihuzuko kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokushesha kombala ukungqubuzana kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ball plate abrasion. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqokwa kwesikhumba, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC kukhonjiswe kuThebula 4. Imiphumela yokuhlola ukushesha kombala wokungqubuzana ibonisa ukuthi isikhumba, amasampula esikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye ne-PVC yokwenziwa asesimweni sokuqala, isimo sokucwiliswa kwamanzi enziwe nge-deionized, umjuluko we-alkaline ucwiliswe ngokushesha ngemva kokucwiliswa kombala 9 igcinwe ngaphezu kuka-4.0, futhi isimo sombala wesampula sizinzile futhi ngeke sifiphele ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwendawo. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ball plate abrasion test ibonisa ukuthi ngemva kwezikhathi ezingu-1800-1900 zokugqoka, isampula yesikhumba inezimbobo ezingaba ngu-10 ezilimele, ezihluke kakhulu ekuphikisweni kokugqoka kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampula esikhumba enziwe nge-PVC (zombili azinazo izimbobo ezilimele ngemva kwezikhathi ezingu-19,000 zokugqoka). Isizathu sezimbobo ezilimele ukuthi ungqimba lokusanhlamvu lwesikhumba lonakaliswa ngemva kokugqoka, futhi ukumelana nokugqoka kwalo kuhluke kakhulu kulokho okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali okwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokugqoka okubuthakathaka kwesikhumba nakho kudinga ukuthi abasebenzisi banake ukulungiswa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
| Ithebula 4 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yokumelana nokugqokwa kwesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC | |||||
| Amasampula | Ukushesha kombala ukungqubuzana | Ukugqokwa kwamapuleti ebhola | |||
| Isimo sokuqala | Isimo sokucwiliswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile | Isimo sokujuluka esine-alkaline sicwile | 96% isimo esifakwe i-ethanol | Isimo sokuqala | |
| (Ukungqubuzana izikhathi ezingu-2000) | (izikhathi ezingama-500 ukungqubuzana) | (100 izikhathi ukungqubuzana) | (Izikhathi ezi-5) | ||
| Isikhumba sangempela 1# | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | Cishe 1900 izikhathi 11 izimbobo ezilimele |
| Isikhumba sangempela 2# | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | Cishe 1800 izikhathi 9 izimbobo ezilimele |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 1# | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | Izikhathi eziyi-19 000 Azikho izimbobo ezilimele ngaphezulu |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 2# | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | Izikhathi eziyi-19 000 ngaphandle kwezimbobo zomonakalo ongaphezulu |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 1# | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | Izikhathi eziyi-19 000 ngaphandle kwezimbobo zomonakalo ongaphezulu |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 2# | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | Izikhathi eziyi-19 000 ngaphandle kwezimbobo zomonakalo ongaphezulu |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba sangempela | ≥4.5 | ≥4.5 | ≥4.5 | ≥4.0 | Izikhathi eziyi-1500 zokuguga Azikho izimbobo zokulimala ezingaphezu kwezi-4 |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba zokwenziwa | ≥4.5 | ≥4.5 | ≥4.5 | ≥4.0 | Izikhathi eziyi-19000 zokuguga Azikho izimbobo zokulimala ezingaphezu kwezi-4 |
Ngokuvamile, isikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampuli esikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC wonke anokuqina okuhle kombala wokungqubuzana, kanye nesikhumba se-PU microfiber nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC sinokungagugi kangcono nokudabuka kunesikhumba sangempela, esingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuguga.
Ezinye izakhiwo ezibonakalayo
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yokungena kwamanzi, ukubambezeleka komlilo okuvundlile, ukushwabana kobukhulu nezinga lephunga lesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampula esikhumba okwenziwa e-PVC akhonjisiwe kuThebula lesi-5.
| Ithebula 5 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezinye izakhiwo zesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC | ||||
| Isampula | Amanzi ukungena/(mg/10cm²·24h) | Ukuncipha kwelangabi okuvundlile/(mm/min) | Ukuncipha kobukhulu/%(120℃/168 h) | Izinga lephunga |
| Isikhumba sangempela 1# | 3.0 | Okungashi | 3.4 | 3.7 |
| Isikhumba sangempela 2# | 3.1 | Okungashi | 2.6 | 3.7 |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 1# | 1.5 | Okungashi | 0.3 | 3.7 |
| Isikhumba se-PU microfiber 2# | 1.7 | Okungashi | 0.5 | 3.7 |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 1# | Akuhloliwe | Okungashi | 0.2 | 3.7 |
| Isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC 2# | Akuhloliwe | Okungashi | 0.4 | 3.7 |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba sangempela | ≥1.0 | ≤100 | ≤5 | ≤3.7 (ukuchezuka kuyamukeleka) |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba ze-PU microfiber | Asikho isidingo | ≤100 | ≤2 | ≤3.7 (ukuchezuka kuyamukeleka) |
| Izidingo ezijwayelekile zesikhumba zokwenziwa ze-PVC | Asikho isidingo | ≤100 | Asikho isidingo | ≤3.7 (ukuchezuka kuyamukeleka) |
Umehluko omkhulu kudatha yokuhlola ukungeneka kwamanzi kanye nokuncipha kobukhulu. Ukungena kwamanzi kwesikhumba cishe kuphindwe kabili kunesikhumba se-PU microfiber, kuyilapho isikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC sicishe singenawo amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlaka lwamathambo enethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu (indwangu engalukiwe) esikhumbeni se-PU microfiber sifana nesakhiwo se-fibre ye-collagen yenqwaba yesikhumba, yomibili enezakhiwo ezincane, okwenza zombili zibe nokungena okuthile kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ephambanayo ye-collagen fibers esikhumbeni inkulu futhi isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, futhi ingxenye yesikhala esincane sikhulu kunesikhumba se-PU microfiber, ngakho-ke isikhumba sinokungena kwamanzi okungcono kakhulu. Ngokuya kokuncipha kobukhulu, ngemva kokuguga kokushisa (120℃/1 Amazinga okushwabana kwesikhumba se-PU microfiber namasampula esikhumba okwenziwa e-PVC ngemva kokuguga kokushisa (68h) afana futhi aphansi kakhulu kunesikhumba sangempela, futhi ukuqina kwawo kobukhulu kungcono kuneleveli yokwengezwa kwesikhumba esicwebezelayo esinesikhumba sangempela. bonisa ukuthi isikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampuli esikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC angafinyelela amazinga afanayo, futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zezinto ngokuya ngokuncipha komlilo nokusebenza kwephunga.
Ngokuvamile, ukufinyeleleka komhwamuko wesikhumba sangempela, isikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye namasampula esikhumba okwenziwa e-PVC kuncipha ngokushintshana. Izinga lokushwabana (ukuzinza kwe-dimensional) lesikhumba se-PU microfiber kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC ngemva kokuguga kokushisa kuyafana futhi kungcono kunesikhumba sangempela, futhi ukuncipha komlilo ovundlile kungcono kunesikhumba sangempela. Izakhiwo zokuthungela nephunga ziyefana.
Isiphetho
Isakhiwo esiphambanayo sesikhumba se-PU microfiber siyefana nesesikhumba semvelo. Isendlalelo se-PU kanye nengxenye eyisisekelo yesikhumba se-PU microfiber zihambisana nongqimba lokusanhlamvu kanye nengxenye yezicubu ze-fiber yakamuva. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zongqimba oluminyene, ungqimba olugwebu, ungqimba olunamathelayo kanye nendwangu eyisisekelo yesikhumba se-PU microfiber nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC ngokusobala zihlukile.
Inzuzo ebonakalayo yesikhumba semvelo ukuthi inezici ezinhle zomshini (amandla e-tensile ≥15MPa, ubude ngesikhathi sekhefu>50%) kanye nokungena kwamanzi. Inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo yesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC ukumelana nokugqoka (akukho monakalo ngemva kwezikhathi ezingu-19,000 zokugqoka kwebhodi lebhola), futhi imelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. Izingxenye zinokuqina okuhle (okuhlanganisa ukumelana nomswakama nokushisa, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo) kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional (ukuncipha kwe-dimensional <5% ngaphansi kuka-120℃/168h). Isikhumba se-PU microfiber sinezinzuzo zezinto zombili zesikhumba sangempela kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yezakhiwo zemishini, ukusebenza okugoqayo, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukubambezeleka komlilo okuvundlile, ukuzinza kobukhulu, izinga lephunga, njll. ingafinyelela izinga elingcono kakhulu lesikhumba sangempela semvelo kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa se-PVC, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe nokungena okuthile kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, isikhumba se-PU microfiber singahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza lwezihlalo zemoto futhi sinamathemba abanzi wokufaka isicelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-19-2024
